Location of India.
- India is located in the northern hemisphere.
- India's location is in the east of the prime meridian, hence it belongs to the eastern hemisphere.
- India latitudinal location
- From South to North: 8'4'N to 37'18' N latitudes
- From west to east: 68'7' E to 97' 25" E longitudes
- The Tropic of cancer( 23'30" N) divides India into almost equal parts.
- The southern part is called peninsular India and it is in Tropic Zone.
- The northern part of the Tropic of cancer belongs to the Subtropical Zone.
- The 82'30" E longitude is taken as the standard time meridian of India and it passes through Mirzapur, near Allahabad.
- Area-wise, India is the 7th largest country in the world having 2.2 % of the world's areas.
- Decreasing order of Area wise 7 largest countries are Russia, Canada, China, USA, Brazil, Australia, and India.
- India has 17.5 % of the world's population.
- Population-wise countries are China, India, and the USA.
- The country's surface area is 32.87 lac square Km.
- From North to south distance is 3,214 Km
- From east to west distance is 2,933 Km
- The Mainland coastline of India is 6,100 Km
- Including Lakshadweep, and Andaman Nicobar's coastline is 7,516 Km
- India has a land frontier of 15,200 Km in length
- The southern point of Indian territory is Indira point in great Nicobar
- The southern point of the Indian mainland is Kanyakumari
- The Bay of Bengal, the Indian Ocean, and the Arabian sea meet at Kanyakumari
- The nearest neighbor of India across the sea is Sri Lanka and which is separated by the narrow Palk Strait from the mainland of India.
Space relationship of India with neighboring countries
There are seven counties in which land borders are shared with India and two countries have a water border connected to India.
- Pakistan and Afghanistan are in the West and North West of India
- China, Nepal, and Bhutan are in the North of India.
- Myanmar and Bangladesh are in the East of India
- Sri Lanka and the Maldives are in the South of India.
India and Maldives:
Both countries are separated by 8 degrees channel.
India and Sri Lanka:
Both countries are separated by the Palk strait
India and Pakistan Border:
Radcliffe line was drawn between India and Pakistan from Gujarat to Punjab.Bordering the Indian States with Pakistan:
- Gujarat: 506 Km border.
- Rajasthan: 1170 Km border
- Punjab: 425 km
- Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh: 1222 km
- The total border length is 3323 km. ( Third highest after Bangladesh, and China's border length).
India and Afghanistan Border:
- A total of 106 km of the border is shared with Ladakh Union Territories.
India and China Border:
The border between India and China is actually not fully demarcated, however, the following are state/UT-wise border lengths:
- Ladakh: 1597 km
- Uttarakhand: 345 km
- Himachal Pradesh: 200 km
- Sikkim: 220 km
- Arunachal Pradesh: 1126 km
- Total length: 3488 ( second highest after Bangladesh)
India and Nepal Border:
The following State's border is shared with Nepal:
- Uttarakhand: 305 km
- Uttar Pradesh: 651 km
- Bihar: 601 km
- West Bengal: 96 km
- Sikkim:97
- Total length: 1750 km
India and Bhutan border:
The following State's borders shared
- Sikkim: 32 km
- West Bengal: 183 km
- Assam: 267 km
- Arunachal Pradesh. : 217 km
- total: 699 km
India and Myanmar Border:
The following State's borders shared
- Arunachal Pradesh: 520km
- Nagaland: 215 km
- Manipur: 398 km
- Mizoram: 510 km
- total: 1643 km
India and Bangladesh Border:
The following State's borders shared
- Mizoram: 318 km
- Tripura: 856 km
- Meghalaya: 443 km
- Assam: 263 km
- West Bengal: 2216 km
- Total: 4096 km ( highest length)
Decreasing order border length of neighboring countries with India:
- Bangladesh: 4096 km
- China: 3488 km
- Pakistan: 3323 km
- Nepal: 1750 km
- Myanmar: 1643 km
- Bhutan: 699 km
- Afghanistan: 106 km
Try to solve the following question:
- Mention the space relationship of India with neighboring countries. ( 150 words, 10 marks)
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