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Rural-urban fringe UPSC | Rural-Urban nexus | urban fringes

Rural-urban fringe UPSC | Rural-Urban nexus | urban fringes

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About Rural-urban fringe:
  • The areas around the urban settlements which are neither urban nor rural are called Rural-urban fringe.
  • The Rural-urban fringe is the transition zone (or convergence zone) of urban and rural settlements.
  • The land between the urban settlements and the rural settlements is called the Rural-urban fringe.


Rural-urban fringe
Rural-urban fringe


Why does the development of Rural-urban fringe take place?
  • The Rural-urban fringe is the result of the spread-out effect of urban settlement.
  • Rising population and land scarcity in urban areas are the main reasons for the development of the Rural-urban fringe.
  • Due to the lack of urban land for human settlement, airports, industries, dairy industries, etc., there is encroachment in the rural areas, which leads to the development of a Rural-urban fringe.
  • Due to high pollution in the city, people are forced to settle in the Rural-urban fringe.
  • Some specialized industries like water purification plants are brought here to supply water from rural to urban areas.
  • The region is preferred for horticultural agriculture such as vegetable, fruit, and flower crops; Because there is a demand for them in the urban market which is beneficial for this type of farming


The following are the characteristics of the rural-urban fringe :
  • This area is partly rural and partly urban.
  • It has both the characteristics of a village and a city.
  • In these areas, farms are small in size, and intensive crop farming is followed.
  • From this area, communities move to urban areas for daily needs and to sell agricultural products.
  • Not all city services are available in this area.
  • In these areas, the sex ratio is higher than that of urban areas but lower than that of rural areas.
  • In these areas, the literacy rate is better than in rural but not better than in urban areas.
  • The fertility rate is lower as compared to the rural area.
  • The area of ​​the house is smaller than that of rural homes and larger than that of urban homes.
  • This area is dynamic in nature and it is difficult to demarcate the boundaries of this area.
  • Semi-Orthodox society is found here.
  • Over time, satellite towns develop in the region.
Methods of Delimitation of Rural-urban fringe :
Demarcation of the boundary of the Rural-urban fringe is not an easy task as it is a dynamic area and the areas of this area change every year.
However, there are two ways of delimiting the village-town margins:
  • Empirical method
  • flow analysis method

Empirical Method:
The empirical method is a very traditional method and the limits are demarcated by direct observation based on the following data:
  • land-use change
  • business structure
  • Availability of infrastructure like roads, schools, hospitals, etc.
  • Socio-economic characteristics like literacy rate and sex ratio.
The Rural-urban fringe differs from the above criteria for both rural and urban areas, so it is used to demarcate the boundaries of the Rural-urban fringe.


Flow Analysis Method:
The flow analysis method was used to demarcate the boundaries of the Rural-urban fringe. The intensity of certain facilities like land use and infrastructure (hospitals, schools, roads, etc.) decreases sharply as one enters the Rural-urban fringe of the city. The intensity of these modern facilities declines sharply at the beginning of the Rural-urban fringe border and when the Rural-urban fringe ends, the intensity of the facilities is found to be like that of a rural settlement
Try to solve the following questions:
  • Discuss the characteristics and the methods of delimiting rural-urban fringe. ( 60-62nd BPSC geography)

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