About Urban morphology:
Urban morphology is the part of urban geography that focuses on the study of the form and formation, function, structure, growth, and change of urban settlements. Through urban morphology, we get complete information about the present status, history, and future development of urban settlements.
The following studies come under urban morphology:
- Form and Formation of urban Settlement
- The function of cities
- Structure of Cities
- Evolution and transformation of cities
- Problems in urban settlements
Form and Formation of urban Settlement:
The nature and formation of urban settlements include patterns of urban settlements, availability of resources and distribution of resources in urban settlements, land use patterns, and ranking of urban settlements.
The patterns of urban settlements can be linear, planned, unplanned, and nucleated.
To find out the present status of availability of natural and man-made resources in urban settlements which include energy resources, water resources, land resources, and other man-made resources like houses, roads, industries, etc.
To find out the land use pattern of urban settlements which includes land use under industrial, residential, commercial, and agricultural land use.
Urban morphology also includes the functional classification of urban settlements. Some urban settlements are known for some specific functions, hence cities are known as administrative towns, industrial towns, transport towns, commercial towns, mining towns, cantonment towns, education towns, religious towns, tourist towns, port cities, etc.
The social and economic factors of the city are important determinants of the internal structure and land use pattern of the city. Social work includes the lifestyle of urban residents, prayer areas, parks, recreational facilities, etc. Economic functions include industries, education, hospitals, markets, etc.
Two processes are important in shaping the internal structure of the city -
- Differentiation process.
- Agglomeration process.
In the process of differentiation, the disparate functions of urban settlements are separated over time; For example, coaching areas and health facility areas are usually separate in the city. High-income and low-income people live in separate areas of urban settlements. Religion and ethnic-based settlements are separate.
In the process of agglomeration, some of the functions of urban settlements such as lifestyle, the association of people, and land use patterns converge.
Urban morphology also includes the study of the structure and layout of urban settlements which includes the following studies:
Model for defining the Internal Structure of Cities:
- The places or locations of colonies, hospitals, industries, markets, schools, & parks in urban areas.
- The arrangement of colonies, parks, manufacturing hubs, markets, etc.
Model for defining the Internal Structure of Cities:
- Griffith Taylor town classification
- A Concentric ring model of E. Burgess
- Sectoral Model by Hoyt
- Multiple Nuclei Model by Ullman and Harris
In this section, the following studies include-
- Rapid Urbanization
- sphere of urban influence
- Rural-urban fringe
- Satellite towns
- Problems and remedies of urbanization
- Sustainable development of cities.
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