What is the Perennial River?
Perennial rivers are those rivers that do not dry in any season. The source of the perennial river is generally glacier.As per origin, there are two types of rivers:
- Himalayan Origin or Perennial river
- Non-Himalayan Origin or Non-perennial river
Himalayan Origin:
The major Himalayan-origin rivers are from West to East in sequential order:
1: Indus River: ( Source: lake Mansarovar, Kailas range Tibet)
- Right bank tributaries ( from North to South):
- Shyok (origin: Rimo glacier near Siachin glaciers)
- Gilgit
- Kabul
- Gamal
- Left bank tributaries (from north to south):
- Jhelum (Origin: Verinag in J&K)
- Chenab (Bara lacha pass in Ladakh region)
- Ravi ( Rohtang pass in Chamba district in Himachal Pradesh)
- Beas( origin: Rohtang Pass in Himachal Pradesh)
- Satluj( origin: Lake Rashastal in Tibet, near Mansarovar lake)
- Left Bank Tributaries (from west to east)
- Ramganga
- Gomati
- Ghaghara
- Sharda or Kali
- Gandak
- Kosi
- Right bank tributaries (from west to east)
- Yamuna
- Chambal
- Ken
- Betwa
- Son
3.Brahmaputra river systems:
- The Yarlung Tsangpo is called in Tibet.
- The Siang is called in Arunachal Pradesh.
- Left bank tributaries: (from east to west)
- Lohit
- Dibang
- Right bank tributaries: (from east to west)
- Subansiri
- Kameng
- Manas
- Sankosh river
- Teesta rivers
Non-Himalayan Origin:
There are two types of rivers based on the flow direction:
- East flowing rivers or discharging in the Bay of Bengal
- West flowing rivers or discharging in the Arabian Sea
East Flowing River :( from North to south arranged)
1. Mahanadi (Source . Amarkantak)2. Godavari River: ( origin: Triambakeshwar, Maharashtra)
- States: Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Odisha).
- Left bank tributaries:
- kadva, Shivana, Indravati, Sabri
- Right bank tributaries:
- Nasardi, Sindphana, Manjira, Manair, Kinnerasani
- Source( near Mahabaleshwar in Maharashtra)
- States: Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh.
- Left tributaries:
- Bhima, dindi, mushi , Paleru, munneru
- Right tributaries:
- Venna, koyana, panchganga, dudhganga,ghatprabha, malprabha, Tungabhadra.
4. Penna
5. Cauvery river :
- Origin: Talacauvery in Karnataka.
- Left:
- Harangi, Hemavati, Shimsha, Arkavathy
- Right:
- Lakshmana Tirtha, Kabini, Bhavani, Noyola, Amarawat
6. Vaigai
West flowing rivers:( from North to south arranged)
- Luni
- Sabarmati (Gujarat)
- Mahi
- Narmada: Source ( Amarkantak. Between Vidhya and Satpura
- Tapi river: origin Maikal range, flow between Satpura and Ajanta range
- Periyar River (Origin in Tamil Nadu and the main river of Kerala)
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