Search Post on this Blog
Pollution and Control Measures

Pollution and Control Measures

11:30

Air pollution: 

The following are the main source of air pollution:

  1. Black carbon: source: incomplete combustion of fossil fuel. It is short-lived ( life varies a few days to 10 years) pollutants ( gas and particle) that cause global warming and climate change. 
  2. Brown carbon: Source is the combustion of organic biomass, the same effect as black carbon. 
  3. Blue carbon: it is stored in coastal ecosystems such as sea-grass and mangrove, etc. 
  4. Pet coke or petroleum coke: it has approx 90% carbon and 5% sulfur. It is the dirtiest fuels as 12 % more greenhouse gases than coal. 
  5. Greenhouse gases from transport and shipping industries 

Measures of Air Pollution: 


  1. National clean air program ( NCAP): 
    • Launched by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and climate change ( MoEFCC). 
    • Aim to cut particulate matters PM 10 and PM 2.5 by 20 to 30% by 2024 from 2017 base years. Under NCAP:
      • Central pollution control board ( CPCB), is a statutory organization and responsible for enforcement of hazardous waste ( management and handling) rule 1989. 
      • Air quality monitoring network 
      • National emissions inventory 
  2.  Clean air India initiative 
  3. SAFAR (system of air quality and weather forecasting and research) 
  4. National air quality index: Eight pollutants evaluated: PM 10, PM2.5, No2, So2 ,Co,O3,NH3 and Pb
  5. The comprehensive environmental pollution index 
  6. WAYU ( Wind Augmentation purifying units) 
  7. Environment pollution ( prevention and control) authority

Water Pollution:

India is home to approx 17 % of the world population whereas it has only 4% of global water freshwater. India is the largest user of groundwater, 25% of global groundwater is extracted by India, 80 % of India's drinking water is being fulfilled by groundwater. 
As per world bank data, India is at present in "Water Stress categories". In 2030, India's per-person water availability may be shrunk to half and it will go to "water-scarce categories". 
Recently the following two reports are published in India regarding water pollutions:

  1. Status of trace and toxic metal in the Indian rivers 2018 report was published by the central water commission.
    • The main source of river metal pollution is mining, surface finishing, urbanization, etc.
    • As per the report, 42 rivers in India are polluted with at least 2 toxic heavy metal beyond permissible limits
    • Ganga river  is polluted with five heavy metal and they are Iron, nickel, copper, chromium, and lead
  2. Composite Water Management Index (CWMI) that measures the performance of water conservation of States & UTs. As per this report:
    • 21 Major Indian cities will run out groundwater by 2020.
    • 84 % of the rural household do not have piped water access
    • Food security at the risk



Nitrogen Pollution:

Sources of Nitrogen pollution:

  • Agriculture soils: 70 % of nitrogen pollution source
  • Wastewater: 12 % pollution source
  • Sewage & commercial source: 6 %

Impacts of Nitrogen Pollutions:

  • Health impact: Blue baby syndrome, Thyroid gland
  • Environment impact: 300 times potent than co2 in the greenhouse gas effect.
  • Food Security: Decreased crop yield

Nitrogen hotspot in India: 

  • Delhi NCR 
  • Sonbhdra in UP and Singrauli in MP,
  • Talcher in Odisha

South Africa & China has the major hotspot of nitrogen emission.

 Steps were taken to control the Nitrogen Pollutions:

  • Neem Coated Urea production
  • Soil health card
  • National Air Quality Index
  • Bharat Stage Norms 
Next
« Prev Post
Previous
Next Post »
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)