Summary Notes
The tropical region:
The region between tropic of Cancer and tropic of Capricorn is called the Tropical region.
Equatorial region:
It lies close to the equator. The region between 10 degrees N and 10 degrees S is called the equatorial region.
Life in the Amazon Basin
- Areas
- Climate
- Rainforest
- People
Areas
Amazon river flows from west in South America to the Atlantic ocean in the east.
Basin of the Amazon basin spread in:
- Columbia
- Equator
- Peru
- Venezuela
- Bolvia
- Brazil
Note: Bolivia and Paraguay are the landlocked countries of South America.
Climate.
- It is in the equatorial region
- The hot and wet climate throughout the year
- Both day and night are almost equally hot & humid
- Skin feels sticky
- Everyday rains
- At night temperature goes down but remains very humid.
Rainforest:
As Amazo region gets very heavy rainfall and hence very thick rainforests are found.
Forest are so thick that leaves & branches of the tree do not allow the sunlight to reach the ground.
The ground remains dark. only Torrent vegetation such as Orchids, Bromeliads, and plants parasite are found in the tree branches.
Areas are rich in flora and fauna and an extraordinarily rich variety of life such as snacks, pythons, reptiles, crocodiles exist.
People
- People grow food in small areas
- Women take care of crops and men hunts & fish every day in the rivers
- Slash and burn is the way of cultivation. In India, we called it Jhum cultivation.
- Cash crops like coffee, maize, and cocoa are grown.
- 1970, TRans Amazon highway has med all part of rainforest accessible.
- Rainforest has been disappearing annually.
- Destruction of the forest, washed away of topsoil are the major reasons for the barren landscape.
Life in Ganga Brahmaputra Basin.
The basin lies in the subtropical region( 23.3 degrees north to 30 degrees north)Tributaries of Ganga river:
- Ghaghara
- Son
- Chambal
- Gandak
- Kosi
Main features and landforms developed by these rivers:
- Sundarban delta
- Oxbow lake
- plains area
Roles in the distribution of the population:
- Environment role; the mild climate is preferable
- Water availability
- Topography; steep slopes are inhabitable terrains.
- High population density is found in the plain areas. As plain areas have fertile land and flat surface are ideal for growing crops.
- Less human settlement in mountains range
Population density:
- Bihar: 1102
- West Bengal: 1029
- Uttarakhand: 189
Major crops:
- Maize
- Wheat
- Millets
- Gram
- Soybean
Cash crops:
- Sugar Cane
- Jute
- Teas
- Silk
Vegetation cover:
Dependent on the types of landforms, the following are the types of vegetations:
In Ganga Brahmputra plains: Tropical deciduous trees such as teak, sal, pipal are found.
In the Brahmputra plains: Thick bamboo and mangrove forest are found.
The coniferous tree is found in Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh plains, as steep slope and cool climate exits.
Wildlife:
- Elephants, tiger, deer, Money
- One-horned rhinoceros
- Aquatic animals.
- Fishes:
- Dolphins(Susu blinds)
- Rohu
- Catla
- Hilsa
- Fish and rice are stapled diets of living in West Bengal regions.
Terraces:
Terraces are built on steep slopes to create a flat surface on which crops are grown.
Big cities:
- Allahabad
- Kanpur
- Varanasi
- Lucknow
- Patana
- Kolkata
Waste from these cities and industries waste discharges in the river cause water pollution in the Ganga river.
Exercises
Q1. Name the continent in which the Amazon Basin is located.Answer.
South America
Q2. What are the crops grown by the people of the Amazon Basin?
Answer:
- Mains crops are tapioca, pineapple, and sweet potato.
- Their staple food is manioc, also known as cassava that grown underground like a potato.
- Cash crops like coffee, maize, and cocoa are grown.
Q3. Name the birds that you are likely to find in the rainforests of the Amazon.
Answer.
Birds are toucans, hummingbirds, birds of paradise with colored.
Q4. What are the major cities located on the River Ganga?
Answer.
Major cities are:
- Allahabad
- Kanpur
- Varanasi
- Lucknow
- Patana
- Kolkata
Q5. Where is the one-horned rhinoceros found?
Answer.
In Assam, Brahmputra valley.
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