Summary Notes
Growth and Types of Vegetation depend on:
- Height from Sea
- Climatic condition;
- Temperature
- Moisture
- Slope of landforms
- Soil thickness
Natural vegetations are in three types:
- Forest
- Grassland
- Shrubs
Forest:
Forest are grown where rainfall is much to support the tree.Based on the density, there are two types of forest:
- Dense
- Open Forest
Based on the temperature and rainfall, the following are the types:
- Tropical forest:
- Tropical Evergreen Forests
- Tropical Deciduous Forest
- Temperate Forest:
- Temperate evergreen forest
- Temperature deciduous forest
- Mediterranean Vegetation
- Coniferous forest
Tropical Evergreen Forest:
It is also called tropical rainforests. These are thick forest occurs in the region near the equator and close to tropic.
The following are characteristics:
- The very hot and humid region; receiving maximum rainfall throughout the year.
- No dry seasons
- Three do not shed their leaves altogether; that why appears evergreen.
- These are closely spaced three and do not allow sunlight to penetrate inside the forest even in the daytime.
- Hardwood three such as Rosewood, Ebony, and Mahogony are found in this forest
- Anaconda, the largest snake is found in the tropical forest.
Tropical Deciduous Forests:
- These are monsoon forests;
- These are found in India, northern Australia, and Central America
- Trees shed their leaves in the dry season to conserve water.
- Hardwood trees such as Sal, Teak, and Neem are found in the tropical deciduous forest.
- Animal such as Tiger, Lion, Elephant, Monkey, leopard is found in these forests.
Temperate Evergreen Forest:
It is located in Midlatidue. They are commonly found along the eastern margin of continents.
For example,
- South East USA
- South China
- southeast Brazil
- Both hardwood and softwood are found here such as Oak and Pine
Temperate Deciduous forest.
These are found in the higher latitudinal or temperate zone of the earth in the northeastern part of the USA, China, and Newzealand.
Animal-like deer, foxes, and wolves are found in this forest.
Mediterranean Vegetation:
- Summer is dry and winter is wet. Mediterranean vegetation areas are:
- Around mediterranean sea
- California in the USA
- South West Africa and South America
- Southwestern part of Australia
- Citrus fruits such as orange, grapes, olives, etc are found
Coniferous Forest:
- These forests are found in 50 to 70-degree latitudes of the northern hemisphere.
- The coniferous forest also called Taiga.
- Taiga forest is tall and evergreen and are used in paper industries, matchbox, packing box
- Plants: Chir, Pine, Cedar are major plants
- Animal-like Silver fox, mink, and polar bear are found in this forest.
Grasslands
Grasslands are found in areas when not much rainfall happens.The following are the types of Grasslands.
Tropical Grassland:
Tropical grasslands are found on either side of the equator and extend till the tropics.
Tropical grasslands get moderate to low amount of rainfall.
Grasses can grow tall as much 3 to 4 meters high.
The following are the examples:
- Savanna in East Africa
- Campos in Brazil
- Liana in Venezuela
Temperate Grasslands:
It is found in mid latitudinal zones and interior parts of continents.
Grasses are short and nutrients
Animals are wild buffalo and Bison
The following are the examples:
- Pampas: Argentina
- Prairie: North America
- Veld: South Africa
- Steppe: Central Africa
- Down: Australia
Thorny Bushes:
These are found in a dry desert region; also called the Tundra region.
Tropical deserts are found on the western margin of continents.
Exercises:
Q1. Which are the two factors on which the growth of vegetation mostly depends?
Answer.
Temperature
Rainfall
Q2. Which are the three broad categories of natural vegetation?
Answer.
The following are three types:
Forest
Grasslands
Shrubs
Q3. Name the two hardwood trees commonly found in the tropical evergreen forests.
Answer.
Rosewood
Ebony
Mahogany
Q4. In which part of the world and tropical deciduous forest is found?
Answer.
Tropical deciduous are found between the tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn with moderate rainfall. It is also called the monsoon forest. India, parts of Africa, and parts of Australia.
Q5. In which climatic conditions, citrus fruits cultivated?
Answer.
Mediterranean climate
Q6. Mention the uses of coniferous forest.
Answer.
Used in paper industries and making matchboxes and packing boxes.
Q7. In which part of the world is seasonal grassland is found?
Answer.
These are found in mid-latitudinal zones and interior parts of the continents.
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