As per Lee, the following four factors are the deciding factors of pattern and volume of migration:
- Push factors at the place of origin
- Pull factors at destination
- Intervening barriers between origin and destination
- Personal choice or plus-minus opportunities
Place of origin is less attractive; reasons for the same are:
- Unemployment
- Poor living standard
- Political instability
- Harsh climate
- natural disaster
- Epidemic
- Social and economic backwardness
Pull Factors:
The place of destination seems more attractive than the place of origin for reasons like:
- Better job opportunities
- Better living condition
- Peace and stability
- Security of Life and property
- Pleasant climate
Intervening Barriers:
- Geographical barriers :
- mountain, rivers, human-made barriers, etc.
- A political barrier:
- Permit system, strict visa rules, etc.
- A social, cultural, and religious barrier :
- Language problems, intolerance, enmity
Characteristics:
- Migrations are selective and they may be positive or negative selective
- Positive selective: those who migrate because of pull factors.
- Negative selective: those who migrate because of push factors.
You may like also:
- Distinguish between Push factors and pull factors of migration
- प्रवास के प्रतिकर्ष कारक और अपकर्ष कारक में अंतर स्पष्ट कीजिए
Try to solve the following questions:
- How migration is affected by push and pull factors? Explain how these factors play a role in understanding new settlement patterns. (UPSC 2022, 20 marks)
ConversionConversion EmoticonEmoticon