It is a branch of geography that includes the study of physical features of the earth's surface, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.
The following are included in the study:
- Study of lithospheres such as landforms, drainage, reliefs, and physiography.
- Study of Atmospheres such as composition, structure, elements, weather and climate factors.
- Study of hydrosphere such as ocean, sea, lake, salinity, flow, etc.
- Study of biospheres such as life form, ecosystem, and other related phenomena.
As per UPSC syllabus, the following needs to be studied in physical geography:
Geomorphology:
- It is the study of landforms, their evolution, and process related to them.
Climatology:
- It is the study of the structure of the atmosphere, elements of weather and climate. Types of climate and climate regions.
Oceanography:
- It is the study of ocean water circulation, salinity, tides, currents, surface water, and deep water, etc.
Biogeography:
- Biogeography is an interface between physical geography and human geography. It includes the study of plants, animals, soils, and habitat.
Environmental Geography:
- Ecology and environment-related phenomenons such as environmental degradation and conservation.
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