Explain the origin, development, and characteristics of the tropical cyclones.
( UPPSC / UPPCS, 2019, 10 Marks)
उष्णकटिबंधीय चक्रवातों की उत्पत्ति, विकास और विशेषताओं की व्याख्या कीजिए
Keywords:
- ITCZ,
- Circular movement,
- East to west,
- Coriolis force,
- Eye, Eyewall
- low pressure
- Tropical disturbances,
- Tropical depression,
- Tropical Storm
Answer:
A tropical cyclone is a destructive storm that originates in a warm ocean and winds circulate around low pressure. Wind speeds may exceed 119 km per hour, and it may last from a few days to 3 weeks. As per Ferrel law, it rotates anticlockwisewise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere.
A tropical cyclone has different names in the world.
The name of a tropical cyclone is different in different region:
The following are the names:
The following are the names:
- Cyclone in the Indian Ocean.
- Hurricane in the Atlantic Ocean.
- Typhoon in the Pacific Ocean.
- Willy Willy in Eastern Australia.
 |
| Distribution of tropical cyclone |
Origin of Tropical Cyclone:
The origin of tropical cyclones is thermal and originates in the ITCZ zone and exclusively in the ocean.
It develops a tropical region between 30 degrees north to 30 degrees south. Tropical cyclones do not develop between 5 degrees north and south latitude or doldrum areas due to the absence of Coriolis force.
It develops a tropical region between 30 degrees north to 30 degrees south. Tropical cyclones do not develop between 5 degrees north and south latitude or doldrum areas due to the absence of Coriolis force.
Development of tropical cyclone:
There are four stages of tropical cyclone development:
Tropical cyclone:
- Tropical disturbances
- Tropical depression
- Tropical Storm
- Tropical cyclone development
- In the ocean ITCZ zone, water vapor condenses and forms clouds, during cloud formation, latent heat is released into the air, with no definite air rotation.
- Large columns of clouds formed and the upper layer of the cloud became unstable. Wind speed and cloud formation get the speed up by intense heat from the sun. Wind speed is generally less than 39 miles per hour.
- Eye forms and winds start rotating around the eye. Wind speed also reaches around 39 miles per hour.
Tropical cyclone:
- a full-scale tropical storm formed with up to a 300-kilometer diameter. winds speed also reaches maximum speed.
Characteristics of Tropical Cyclone:
The following are characteristics:
 |
tropical cyclone
|
- High temperature and low pressure
- The circular motion of winds
- High relative humidity
- Clouds: Cumulonimbus cloud formation
- It has an Eye for Calm with subsiding air.
- It has an Eyewall: around the eye strong ascent of air to a greater height near to the tropopause.
- High precipitation in the eyewall, but no precipitation in the eye.
- Movement: The cyclone rotates around the eye and moves from west to northeast.
- The diameter of the circulation system varies between 150 to 300 km
- The eastern margin of the continent gets high precipitation and no moisture left for the western margin of the continent, hence desert developed in the western margin of the continent.
- Winds velocity is much higher and destructive
- Bring high-scale destruction and heavy rainfall if it reaches the coastline.
- The velocity and energy of the Tropical Cyclone decrease after touching the coast.
ConversionConversion EmoticonEmoticon