The green revolution came to India in Mid 1960 after crop failure. The main aim of the Green revolution was to ensure food security for the whole Indian Population and self-sufficiency in food grain production. The following policies were adopted in the Green revolution:
The following are the positive outcome of the Green revolution:
The following are negative outcomes:
No Nutritional Security:
From the above views, we see the green revolution gives only short-term relief and benefits, in the long run, the Green revolution harmed more than what we get.
- Subsidies for fertilizer
- Use of High Yielding Variety (HYV) or Hybrid seeds along with pesticides, fertilizer, and Mechanized tools.
- Groundwater extraction
- Minimum Support Price for Mainly Rice and Wheat
- Procurement and public distribution of food grains.
The following are the positive outcome of the Green revolution:
- We have achieved to eliminated hunger
- Self-sufficiency in food grains production mainly wheat and rice.
- The second-largest producer of wheat and rice production
- Now e became from importer to exporter of food grains
The following are negative outcomes:
No Nutritional Security:
- We have achieved eliminating hunger but not achieve to provide adequate and appropriate nutrition for the whole population. That is why India performed poorly in the Global Hunger Index ranking. India's rank is 102nd in 117 countries.
- Due to the Incetimization of rice and wheat cultivation, areas and cultivation of more nutritious crops such as Pulse and Millet get reduced.
- Mainly, Medium and large farmers are benefited from new technology. Small and marginal farms do not benefit as they are unable to afford high-cost agriculture inputs. They are unable to produce for the market, it is known as subsistence agriculture.
- Thus increase inequality among farmers, the big and medium farmers became richer, and the small and marginal farmers became poor.
- The introduction of mechanization in agriculture increases rural-urban migration.
- Farmers who earlier grew crops for food, now grow cash crops for the market. The drop in cash crops or crop failure leads to farmer distress.
- Over time, the Productivity of soil gets reduced and the cost of production gets the increase that leads to farmer debt, and in the end, farmer suicide gets increases.
- The green revolution is more successful in western and southern India as compared to eastern and north Eastern India. Hence, western and southern Indian farmers are more developing. It increases the regional disparity
- As per Subash Palekar, the father of Zero Budget Natural Farming(ZBNF), the Green revolution was not a revolution, it was a fraud. It leads to the destruction of the environment, reduces productivity, and destruction of soil, water, air, vegetation, and human health.
From the above views, we see the green revolution gives only short-term relief and benefits, in the long run, the Green revolution harmed more than what we get.
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Try to solve the following questions:
- "India has paid heavily for the achievement of Green Revolution in the form of economic, social, and ecological cost." Discuss. (UPSC 2016 200 words, 15 marks)
- Critically Examine the Impact of the Green Revolution in India. ( UPPSC, UP PCS, 2019, 15 Marks)
- भारत में हरित क्रांति के प्रभाव का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण कीजिये।
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