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Industrial regionalization UPSC | Major industrial regions of India

Industrial regionalization UPSC | Major industrial regions of India

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Industries, like other resources, are not evenly distributed in India. It focuses on a certain area where their costs are low and the benefits are high. ,
There are many indices to identify the industrial sector, some of the important indices are as follows:
  • Number of Industrial units
  • Number of Industrial workers
  • The Quantum of power used
  • Industrial output
  • Value addition while industrial processing

 Based on the high industrial concentration on the above parameters, there are 8 Major Industrial regions, 13 minor Industrial regions, and 15 Industrial Districts in India.
The following are the eight major Industrial Regions of India:

  • The Hugli industrial region
  • Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerut industrial region
  • Gujarat Industrial Region
  • Mumbai-Pune  Industrial Region
  • Chhotanagpur Industrial region
  • Visakhapatnam-Guntur Industrial region
  • Bengaluru-Tamil Nadu industrial region
  • Kollam-Trivananthapuram Industrial region
Industrial regions of India
Industrial regions of India

The Hugli Industrial Region:


Location and Economic Centers of Hugli Industrial Region  :

  • It is located along the Hugli river, and spread in 100 km, from Bansbera in the north to Birla Nagar in the South.
  • Kolkata-Howrah is nuclease of the Industrial region

Major Economic Activities in Hugli Industrial Region:

  • This industrial area developed after the opening of the port on the Hooghly river.
  • There are big industries of agro-processing like tea processing (in the hilly region of West Bengal), indigo processing center, jute processing industry, etc.
  • The country's first jute processing mill was established in the year 1855 at Rishra in this industrial center.
  • The coal fields of Damodar valley and iron ore deposits in Chota Nagpur have contributed greatly to the development of this industrial center.
  • Cheap laborers from Bihar and Eastern Uttar Pradesh have supplied laborers to this center.
  • There is also a historical factor in the development of the Hooghly industrial area as Kolkata was the capital of British India from 1773 to 1911.
  • Other industries here are paper, textile machinery, electronics, pharmaceutical, fertilizer, and petroleum refineries in Haldia.
Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerut industrial region:


Location and Economic Center of Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerut industrial region :
  • It is spread in Gurugram, Delhi, Faridabad, Meerut, Modinagar, Agra, and Mathura.

Economic activities of the Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerut industrial region :
  • Since the location of this industrial region is far away from mineral and power resources, thus small and market-based industries are found here.
  • Some important Industries of this region are automobile industries, electronics industries, light engineering industries, cotton industries, woolen industries, synthetic industries, chemical industries, cycle industries, etc.
  • The software industry is also developing very rapidly in the region.
  • The Mathura-Petro refinery industry is the major industry of this region.
Gujarat Industrial Region:


Location of Gujarat Industrial Region:
  • The nucleus of this region lies between Ahmedabad and Vadodara.
  • Other Economic centers of this region are Bharuch, Kayal, Anand Khera, Rajkot, Surat, Valsa, and Jamnagar.

Major Economic activities of Gujarat Industrial Region:
  • The main industries of this region are cotton and textile Industries.
  • Kandala Port Helped the region to grow.
  • Later Petro Chemical Industries were developed here.
  • Other Industries of this region are textile ( Cotton, Silk, Synthetic ), Chemical, Motar, tractor, diesel engine, textile Machinery, engineering, and dairy product.
Mumbai-Pune Industrial Region:

Location and Economic Centers Mumbai-Pune Industrial Region:
  • Mumbai, Thane, Kalyan, Kolaba, Pune, Nashik, Solapur, Ahmednagar, Sata, and Sangli are the major economic centers.

Economic Activities:
  • Development of the Mumbai-Pune Industrial Region started with Cotton Textiles Industries in Mumbai. Moist climate favored the location of cotton textile industries. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 gives a major boost to Mumbai Port.
  • The Western Ghats are the major source of Hydroelectricity that meet the requirement of power in this region.
Later the following Industries are developed in this region:
  • Chemical Industries
  • Mumbai High petroleum refinery
  • Nuclear Energy Plants
  • Electronics
  • Food Processing Industries
  • Fertilizers
Chotanagpur Industrial region:

Location and Economic Centers:
  • It spread over Jharkhand, Northern Odisha, and Western West Bengal

Economic Activities:
  • It is known for heavy metallurgical industries.
  • The development of this industrial area began after the discovery of iron ore (in Jharkhand and northern Odisha) and coalfields (Damodar Valley).
  • the proximity of iron ore and coal; Cheap labor from Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Eastern Uttar Pradesh; And the huge market in the Hooghly region helped in the development of this industrial area.
  • Six large integrated iron and steel plants are located at Jamshedpur, Burnpur, Durgapur, Bokaro, Bhilai, and Rourkela.
  • Damodar Thermal and Hydroelectric Power Plants meet the energy requirement of the region.

Visakhapatnam-Guntur Industrial region:

Locations and Economic Centers:

  • Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada, Vijay Nagar, Kurnool, and Prakasam districts are major centers of this industrial region.

Economic activities:

  • Development of this region started after the opening of the Vishakhapatnam and Machilipatanam ports. 
  • The coalfield of the Godavari Basin provides energy.
  • Ship Building Industries started in 1941 in this industrial region.
  • Petroleum refinery industries are also here.
  • There is a lead-zinc smelter in Guntur District.
  • There is a Steel plant in Vishakhapatnam and it is specially set up for export purposes.
  • Other industries like Light Engineering are also found here.

Bengaluru Tamil Nadu industrial region:

Location and Economic Centers:
  • Important economic centers of this industrial region are Bengaluru and all the districts of Tamilnadu except Villupuram district.

Economic Activities:

  • The early industries of this were Cotton and Textile Industries. Pykara HydroElectric Plant was the main supplier of energy.
  • Later, Loom Industries, Heavy Industries, HAL, Machine Tools, TelePhone(HTL), Bharat Electronics, railway Wagon, Diesel engines, Sugar, cement, glass, paper, and other industries developed.
  • Chennai is the hub of the Automobile industry in India.

Kollam-Trivananthapuram Industrial region:

Location and economic Centers:
  • Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Awaye, are Alappuzha are the main centers of this industrial region. 

Economic activities:

  • The region is located far away from the mineral belt.
  • Plantation, Agriculture, cotton, sugar, chemical, coconut, aluminum, matchbox, and based industries are located.
  • The New  Petroleum refinery industry was set up at Kochi.

Try to solve the following questions:
  • Give an account of the Industrial regions of India. ( UPPSC, UP PCS, 2019, 15 Marks)
  • Account for the major industrial regions of India. ( 65th BPSC geography)
  • Mention the industrial regions of India and give a detailed description of any one region. (60-62nd BPSC geography)

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