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How do mountaineers constitute a threat to Mount Everest? | UPSC geography optional paper 1 2019




How do mountaineers constitute a threat to Mount Everest?
(UPSC geography optional paper 1 2019, 10 Marks)
पर्वतारोही माउंट एवरेस्ट के लिए किस प्रकार खतरा है?

Answer:

Mount Everest is the highest point on earth, it is about 8850 meters high from sea level.
Location:

  • It is located in the Himalayan range and located between Nepal and Tibet.
Composition:
  • Everest is composed of multiple layers of rocks.
  • Lower elevation: it is comprised of Metamorphic schist, topped with Igneous granite.
  • Higher elevation made up the sedimentary rock of marine origin.
Atmosphere and climate:
  • Breathable oxygen is about one-third of sea-level oxygen.
  • Extreme cold, life form plant, and the animal do not found.
First mountaineer reach at mount Everest in 1953, from than hundred of mountaineering are climbing yearly. In 2018, approx 600 people climbed at Mount Everest. Due to commercial mountaineering, Mount Everest turned into a rubbish dump.

The following way Mountaineers constitute a threat to Mount Everest:

  • Mountaineers carry Tents, Climbing equipment, gas cylinder with them to reach Mount Everest, and they left all these requirements at mount Everest.
  • Human excreta also major threads to Mount Everest.
  • As of now, a hundred tonnes of wastes comprise of tents and cloths, climbing equipment, empty gas cylinders, human excreta, etc are accumulated in the summit. Due to global warming, wastes are now exposing.
Positive steps to deal with these problems:

  • Nepal charge 4000$ per team as rubbish deposits fee, this would be refunded if 8 kg of waste per person would be brought down.
  • Planning to make a biogas plant near Everest base.
  • Rubbish collection team would be formed.

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