What do you mean by " Climate Migrants"? suggest appropriate policies and programme for their resettlement. ~ Civil Services Self Study

What do you mean by " Climate Migrants"? suggest appropriate policies and programs for their resettlement.

(UPSC geography optional paper 1 2019, 15 Marks)

Answer:

The following will be discussed:

Climate migrants are Migrants that are led by Push factors caused by climate changes such as:

As per the world migration report 2020,

In 2018 there were 28 million people internal displacement across the globe due to weather-related events such as cyclones flood
South Asia's population has the highest number of people, risk of displacement. Bangladesh, India, Pakistan have the highest risk of climate change.
Rise in sea level due to climate change is the most threat to the Asia Pacific region.
37 million people would be displaced on the meter of sea rise and twice will be displaced on 2 meters of sea rise.

As per World Bank reports,

143 million people would be forced to displaced due to climate change from Latin America, Sub Sahara Africa, and South Asia by 2050.
40 million climate migrants will be from South Asia. due to:

Climate migrant can be two types:

Most of the migrants will be within the border from rural areas to urban settlement and it will stress the natural resources.

Policy suggestion:

Reduction Greenhouse Gases( GHG) are key for reduction.
Development planning must be integrated with migration management.
Near urban settlement will be the hotspot for in-migration and areas have already faced problems like water shortage, waste management, pollution, and poor infrastructure. It must be handled effectively.
Skill building, job training, and opportunities for education, a job is needed.
Internation law is needed to cooperate, international climate migrants.

Civil Services Self Study