PAPER-II (GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA)
SECTION (A) PHYSICAL and HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
Physical Features:
- Geological systems and structure
- The Geological diversity of India
- Relief and drainage
- Drainage pattern
- Himalayan Drainage System
- The peninsular drainage system
- Himalayan vs Peninsular river| East flowing river vs West flowing rivers
- Soil and natural vegetation
- Classification of Indian Soil
- Alluvial soils
- Black soils|Regur soil | black cotton soil
- Red and yellow soils
- Laterite Soil
- Arid Soils
- Saline Soils
- Peaty Soils
- Forest Soils
- Natural vegetation
- Soil Degradation
- Deforestation
- Origin and Mechanism of Indian Monsoon
- Thermal theory of monsoon by Halley
- Air Mass Theory of Monsoon or ITCZ theory
- Jet Stream Theory
- Recent Theory of Monsoon
- Characteristics of Indian monsoon
- Rainfall Pattern of Indian Monsoon
- Climatic regions
- Koppen's Classification of Indian Climate
- Stamp's Classification
- Thornthwaite climate classification
- Trewartha climate classification
- Physiographic Regions of India
Biotic Resources
- Wildlife Resources
- Conservation of Wildlife
- Wildlife sanctuary and National Park
- Project Tiger 1973
- Biosphere Reserves
- Biodiversity hot-spots
Subsection-3
- Wetland
- RAMSAR CONVENTION
- tourism- resource and economy
- Natural Hazards and disasters and management
- Environmental issues
- Issues relating to environmental pollution
- Atmospheric Pollution
- Water Pollution
- Soil Pollution
- Principles of environmental impact assessment and environmental management
Population and Settlements:
- Distribution and growth
- structural characteristics of the population,
- Settlement Geography
- Rural Settlements- types, patterns, and morphology
- Urban settlement- criteria and classification of urban Settlement
- Morphology of Indian cities
- Functional classification of Indian cities
- Umland
- Concept of Umland
- Urbanization in India
- Slums and associated problems
- Urban Planning
- the role of Small Towns
- Problems of urbanization and remedies
Political organization:
- Linguistic diversity in India
- Ethnic diversities in India
- states reorganization
- regional consciousness and national integration
- the geographical basis of Centre-State relations
- International Boundaries of India and related geopolitical issues
- India Pakistan Border Issues
- India China Border Issues
- India Bangladesh Border Issues
- India Sri Lanka Border Issues
- India Nepal Border Issues
- India and the geopolitics of the Indian Ocean
- Geopolitics of South Asia and the Indian Ocean realm | Part 2
SECTION (B)
ECONOMIC and REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY
- Salient Features of Indian Agriculture,
- Agricultural development in India
- Land resources of India
- Cropping Patterns
- Agricultural intensity
- agricultural efficiency and productivity
- the impact of the green revolution
- agricultural regions
- Agro-climatic zones
- Agro-Ecological Region
- landholding patterns and Land reforms
- crop combination regions
- modernization of agriculture and agricultural planning
Resources:
- Distributional patterns and reserves and production trends,
- Energy Resources
- Coal Energy Resources
- Petroleum and Natural Energy Resources
- Nuclear energy resources
- Solar energy resources
- Wind energy resources
- Tidal energy
- Geothermal Energy
- Hydroelectric or Hydel energy resources
- Energy Crisis
- Marine Resources
- Forest Resources of India
Industries:
- Industrial development
- Major Industries
- Classification of Industries
- Iron and Steel Industry| Evolution of Iron and Steel Industry
- Agro-based industries
- Paper Industry
- Fertilizer Industry
- Petrochemical Industry
- Petro-Chemical Industrial in India
- Industrial houses and complexes including public sector undertakings
- industrial policy
Transport and Trade:
- Transport, Communication, and Trade
- Railway
- Road Transport
- Airway
- Waterway
- Importance of inland water transport in India
- Problems and Prospects of Air transport in India
- Inter-Regional Trade International trade,
- Major Ports and Trade Centres.
Regional Development and Planning:
- Problems of regional development and planning strategies:
- Multi-level planning
- Command area development
- Watershed management
- Planning for the backward area
- Desert areas development
- Drought-prone area development
- Hill areas development
- Tribal area development
- Regional planning and development of the island territories
- Development disparity
- Regional disparities in economic development
- Five Year Plans
- Concept of sustainable growth and development
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