PAPER-II (GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA)
SECTION (A) PHYSICAL and HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
Physical Features:
- Geological systems and structure: Relief and drainage, soils and natural vegetation;
- Soil degradation and deforestation,
- origin, and mechanism of Indian Monsoon,
- the climatic region,
- Physiographic region.
Geological systems and structure;
- Geological timescale
- Rock system of India
- Geological division of India:
- Himalayan
- Northern Plain
- Peninsular Plateau
Drainage:
- Himalayan vs Peninsular drainage system
- East flowing vs west-flowing river
- Soils and natural vegetation:
- Types
- Characteristics
- Distribution
Soil degradation and deforestation:
- Definition
- Cause and consequences
- Conservation
Origin, and mechanism of Indian Monsoon:
- Indian monsoon in detail.
- EL NINo, La Nina, ENSO, Indian ocean diapole.
Climatic Region:
- Koppen
- Thornthwaite
- Trewartha climatic region of India
- Definition
- 6 Physiographic region:
- Himalayan
- Northern Plains
- Desert
- Peninsula India
- Coastal Plains
- Island
Subsection-2
Biodiversity hot-spots:
Subsection-3
- Wild Life, National Park, Sanctuaries,
- biospheric reserves,
- biodiversity hot-spots.
Wild Life, National Park, Sanctuaries:
- Difference between Wild Life, National Park, Sanctuaries.
- Importance of wildlife, national park, and Sanctuaries for biodiversity, flora, and fauna conservation.
Biospheric Reserve:
- 18 Biosphere reserve, out of 18, 10 are world network of biosphere reserve on UNESCO Man and Biosphere( MAB).
- Definition
- Importance
- Four biodiversity hot-spots of India:
- Western Ghats, Eastern Himalaya, Western Himalayas, Sundaland.
Subsection-3
- Wetland,
- tourism- resource and economy,
- natural hazards,
- disasters and management,
- environmental issues.
Wetland:
- Definition
- Cause and consequence of wetland destruction
- Conservation of wetland; Ramsar conservation
Tourism-resources and economy:
- Tourism as resources and toll for poverty reduction
- Tourism in the rural economy
- Type of tourism;
- Business tourism
- Rural tourism,
- Ecotourism
- Health tourism: Yoga, Medical, Ayurveda and herbal tourism
- Cultural, adventure tourism
- Mobile tourism
Natural hazards, disasters, and management:
- Flood, Earthquake, Tsunami, Landslides, drought, forest fire; Biological disaster such as COVID-19 Pandemic( much larger areas), and Locust/Tiddi Epidemic.
- Prevention, reduction, preparedness, rehabilitation, and reconstruction.
- Disaster management act 2005
- National Disaster Management Authority,
- State Disaster Management Authority
- District Disaster Management Authority,
Environmental issues:
- Air, water, soil pollution, solid waste management, plastic pollution, biodiversity losses, deforestation, soil erosion,
Question asked in UP PCS 2018:
- Present an account of Koppen's Classification of Indian Climate.
- Divide India into Physiographic regions and discuss the characteristics of the Deccan region.
- Discuss the Salient features of Major Soil Types of India.
- Give an account of Major Biodiversity hot spots of India.
- Write an explanatory note on the status of different types of tourism in India.
- Give a reasoned account of the problems of degradation and conservation of wetlands in India.
- Give an account of the forest wealth of India and discuss the measures adopted for its conservation and planning.
Question asked in UP PCS in 2017:
- Explain the geological system and structure of Plateau of India.
- Bring Out the origin and mechanism of Indian Monsoon.
- Present an account of the Physiographic regionalization of India.
Expected Geography Mains Questions for UPPSC-UP PCS 2020:
- Geological system and structure of Himalayan Region
- Factor affecting the Monsoon
- Physiographic Characteristics of the Himalayan region.
- Himalayan drainage system vs Peninsular drainage system
- Soil degradation and deforestation
- Thornthwaite and Trewartha
- Difference between Wild Life, National Park, Sanctuaries, biosphere reserve and their importance on conservation of flora and fauna
- Health, Rural, and Mobile tourism status in India
- Natural Hazards and management
- Disaster management act 2005
For an explanation, please watch the below videos:
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