As per 2001 data:
- 53% of the population directly employed in agriculture
- 57% of land used to crop cultivation in India
- world average 12% percent of land uses for agriculture
- land to human ratio is 0.31 hectare in India where is 0.59 hectare in a world
Agriculture development in India can be understood by the following two developments:
- The strategy of development
- Growth of Agricultural output and Technology
The strategy of development:
Before independence :
- Indian agriculture was largely subsistence in nature until 1925
- Indian agriculture experienced growth in the decimal number
- during partition, one-third of the irrigated land of undivided India as goes to Pakistan
- As the result, it reduces the proportional irrigated land to India
The government took, the following steps to increase food grain production:
- switching from Cash crop to food crops
- Intensification of the cropping area
- Bringing follow land under cultivation
- Intensive agriculture district program(IAMP)
- Intensive agriculture area program IAAP
Two consecutive droughts in the mid-1960 resulted in a food crisis in India.
- Foodgrains were imported from other countries in India
- After the India-Pakistan war in 1971, the USA refused to export food grains to India.
As a result, new seed varieties were introduced. for example, wheat from Mexico, rice from the Philippines; high yielding varieties were introduced in India.
- Along with high yielding variety, chemical fertilizers also introduced in irrigated Area of Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, and Gujarat
- Supply of soil moisture was a basic prerequisite for the success of agriculture Technology
This technology increases food grains production instantly and productivity increase rapidly later known as the "green revolution" in India.
- It also leads to the development of the Agro input, Agro-processing, small-scale industries.
- As a result, the country becomes self-reliant reliant on food grain production.
The success of the Green revolution in the limited area leads to regional disparities
- In 1988 Ago climate zone demarcated by the Planning Commission of India to reduce regional disparity and agricultural development in the country.
- Focus on diversification of Agricultural and harvesting of resources such as dairy farming, poultry, Horticulture, livestock rearing, and aquaculture
1990 liberalization policy leads to free-market development
- Lack of rural infrastructure
- withdrawal of subsidies and price supports leads to inter-regional and interpersonal disparities in rural India.
Growth of Agricultural output and Technology :
- In last 50 years great increases in output and Technology
- In 2008-09 India rank first in Pulse and jute agriculture output
- The second-largest producer of rice, wheat, groundnut, sugarcane, and vegetation
- Irrigation is the basis of the introduction of modern agricultural Technology such high yielding varieties of seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, farm machinery.
- Net irrigated areas increase from 20.85 in 1950-51 to 54.66 million hectares in 2001.
- Modern agricultural technology has diffused very fast in various areas of the country's
- Consumption of chemical fertilizer fertilizers increased 15 times in the last 40 years.
- Chemical fertilizer fertilizers use in Punjab, Haryana is three to four times higher than the national average.
- Pesticide uses also increase rapidly.
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