Growing importance of ports on national and foreign trade | Transport, Communication, and Trade | Geography of India

Table of Contents:

• Major Port in India
• Significance of Ports for both national and foreign trade
• Challenges 
• Government steps

Major Ports in India;

• India has 7,516.6 km
• There are 12 major port and more than 200 non-major ports;
• 12 Major ports account for 95 % of India foreign trade

Arabian ( western)  seaside port from north to South:

• Kandla
• Mumbai
• Jawahar Nehru Port
• Marmagoa
• Mangalore
• Kochi

Bay of Bengal side ( Eastern Side) from south to north:

• Tuticorin
• Chennai
• Vizag
• Paradip
• Haldia
• Kolkata

Kandala Port;

• Kandal in Kachha Gujarat
• The first port developed after Independence to the easy volume of trade on Mumbai Port
• Kandal Port is also known as tidal port or Deendayal port
• It facilitates the export and import of state Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Gujarat.

Mumbai Port;

• It is the biggest port with a spacious and well-sheltered Harbour.

Jawaharlal Nehru Port;

• Built to easy to Mumbai Port

Marmagao Port( Goa):

< li>For Iron ore export, 50 % of India's Iron ore export from here only.

Mangalore Port ( Karnataka):

• Iron ore export concentrated from Kudremukh mines.

Kochi port:

• Extreme South-western port
• Located at the entrance of lagoon with a natural harbor

Tuticorin port ( Tamilnadu):

• Extreme South Eastern Port
• Natural Harbour and high hinterland
• Flourishing large handling variety of Cargoes to even from Sri Lanka and the Maldives

Chennai port:

• One of the oldest Artificial Port
• It is next big to Mumbai port in terms of volume of trade and cargo

Vishakhapatnam:

• It is the deepest landlocked and well-protected port

Paradweep Port:

• Located in Odisha
• It is also specialized in the export of Iron ore from the Chhota Nagpur Plateau

Haldia port:

• Developed to easy burden to Kolkata port

Kolkata port:

• Inland riverine port
• It is a very rich hinterland of the Ganga Brahmaputra Basin
• Tidal Port, require continuous dredging of Hoogly

Significance of Port:

• Port facilitates the overwater ways and links the hinterland to oversee.
• Port facilitates the trade for both import and export items
• Port and economy are complementary to each other as coastal countries are more prosperous than landlocked countries.
• In India's case also, southern states, Maharastra, and Gujarat are more prosperous than the landlocked states because one of the regions is accessibility to ports.
• Local community development 

Challenges facing by Indian port:

• Poor maintenance of port
• Bureaucracy  and excessive interference

Government steps:

• 100 % FDI automatic to port development
• More autonomy to port
• SagarMala Project

 For a detailed explanation, watch the below video:

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