For the modern study of Indian society, there are four perspectives:
- Indological Perspective
- Orientalism Perspectives
- Structural Functionalism Perspectives
- Marxist Perspectives
Indological Perspective of Indian Society:
- The literal meaning of Indology means the science of Indian society. It emphasized the role of rich tradition and the spiritualism of Indian society.
- Indological perspective, a basic understanding of Indian society studied from literature texts, different theories, and societal frameworks.
- As per the Indological perspective, Indian society is unique in structure, function, and dynamics and can not be associated with European society.
- A wide range of studies included such as social stricture, relationships, cultural values, and kinship.
G. S Ghurye was one of the contributors of Indological perspectives.
G. S Ghurye's studies include the following components:
- Caste
- Tribe
- Kinship
- Culture and Civilization
- Religion
- Family or Marriage
G. S Ghurye, also explains the characteristics of caste:
There are characteristics of caste:
- Segmented division of society
- Hierarchy
- Civil and religious disability and privilege
- Restricted choice of occupation
- Restriction of food, drinks, and social interaction
Orientalism Perspective of Indian Society:
In this perspective, many sociologists try to look at the negative picture of Indian society, some famous Socilologer is:
- Max Weber
- Karl Marx
- Muller
Structural Functionalism Perspective of Indian Society:
- M. N Srinivas was one of the major promoters of the structural perspective of Indian Society.
- Functionalism believes that biology and society work the same way.
- For example, Our body has many organisms such as lungs, brain, heart, liver, etc. For proper understanding, one needs to learn about each component of the body in isolation; then try to figure out the relation or connection between each component. Last, the whole body needs to study.
- In the same way, for the complete study of Indian society, the first components of society such as caste, village, religion, etc need to study. Figure out the relation of each component, then complete pieces of knowledge of Indian society will come up.
The Marxist perspective of Indian Society:
- D.D Kosambi was a well-known Marxist historian. As per Marxism views, relations between individuals developed through the mutual exchange of commodities.
- Kinship such as compassion is not essential for relations.
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