UPSC Previous years question:
- Evaluate the population policy of India and examine its relevance to the nation’s population control.
Population problems:
As per the United Nations World Population prospect, India will overtake in terms of population by 2027.
India is already an overpopulated country, the following are problems of the population:
- North India Vs South India divide;
- Lokasabha seat sharing
- Central fund sharing
- Insufficient natural resources:
- Depletion of groundwater
- Insufficient agricultural land for food for all populations. Very high physiographic density.
- Nutrition and malnutrition problems
- Health care burden
- Lack of quality education
- Social distress
- May create political instability
- High unemployment
- High pollution
Population Policies:
- 17.6 % decadal growth for India is not sustainable.
- As per the Lancet report, India will have a peak population in 2050, after then the population will decrease, and at the start of the 2100 century; the population of India will be 1.09 billion.
- India was the first country to announce a population policy in 1952.
National Family Policy 1952:
- Try to influence the rate and pattern of population growth in a desirable direction.
- Slow down the rate of population growth through the promotion of various birth control methods:
- Improve public health standard
- Increase public awareness about population health.
2000: nation population policy (NPP)
- Free and compulsory school education up to 14 years of age.
- Reduction of infant mortality rate below 30 / 1000 live birth.
- Achieving universal immunization of children against all disease
- Promoting delayed marriage for girls.
- Making family welfare a people-central program.
- NPP 2000 identified adolescents as one of the major sections of the population that needs greater attention in the:
- sexually transmitted disease
- Nutrition requirements
- Unwanted pregnancy
- Education of adolescents about the risk of unprotected sex
- Making contraceptive services accessible and affordable
- Provide food supplement and nutrition services
- Strengthen legal measures to prevent child marriage.
National health policy 2017:
The main purpose:
- Health expenditure increase from 1.15% to 2.5% by 2025.
- Life expectancy is 67.5 to 70 by 2025.
- TFR 2.1 national level by 2025.
- Under-five mortality rate 23 by 2025
- Neo-Natal Mortal rate: 16 by 2025
- Access to safe water and sanitation by 2025
People are the nation's most valuable resources, and well educated and healthy population provides potential Power.
- 1991: total fertility rate: 3.8
- 2011: 2.7 TFR
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