Urban Settlement:
The following are characteristics of urban settlement;
- Larger in size.
- The dwelling is closely spaced.
- Dweller is involved in secondary such as the processing of raw materials and manufacturing of finished goods and tertiary activities.
- The urban settlement has dynamic, complex, and formal social relationships.
- Cities act as nodes of economic growth.
- They provide goods and services for both urban and human settlements.
Evolution of town or History of Urban development:
The town existed from Harappan Civilisation.
It may be classified into the following town:
Ancient town:
- Historical background of 2000 years.
- Examples, Varanasi, Prayagraj, Patliputra, Madurai.
Urban settlement in pre-colonial times:
- The village or country yard was dominated by agriculture, forest, and rearing animals.
- The town was dominated by the artisan. traders, administration houses, and rulers.
- The town was generally fortified by walls. The wall was symbolic of separation from the village or country yard.
- The town was generally attacked and people fled to the village for shelter.
- Mughals build monuments and fort to symbolize wealth.
- 100 of exist, Delhi, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Lucknow, Agra, Nagpur, Baroda, Poona, Tanjore, etc.
- In southern India, Madurai and Kanchipuram were important cities characterized by big temples.
During Britisher time;
- 1639: Madras was built by company agents.
- 1661: English king got Bombay as a dowry from the Portuguese king.
- 1690: Calcutta city developed.
- 1857; Delhi was captured by the Britishers.
- 1911; Delhi became the capital of India.
- The layout of Madras, Bombay, and Calcutta was different from earlier cities.
- Britisher kept various data from urban centers in order to regulate commercial affairs.
- They considered the map necessary to understand the landscape.
- They set up a municipal corporation and municipal taxes to manage the urban center.
- The major new town, forts, center, and hill station developed under Britisher time.
After independence:
- Bhilai, Bokaro, Durgapur, Durg, etc cities developed.
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