Evolution of the concept of sustainable development:
- Development is a multidimensional concept and the concept of development evolved in post world war-II; that time development and growth were the same and which is measured by GDP and GNP.
- Countries having high economic growth experienced a speedy rise in poverty because of the unequal distribution of income.
- In the 1970s, the concept of development redefined and it was found that the concept of development does not rely on the economic sphere alone, it includes ;
- Improving well being and living standards of peoples
- Availing of health, education, and equality of opportunity
- Ensuring the political and economic right
- The notion of sustainable development emerged after the 1960s after concern raised about the undesirable effect of industrial development on the environment.
- In 1968, the " Population Bomb" was published by Ehrlich.
- "limit of growth theory " was published in 1972.
- set of scenario emerged new model of development of the new phrase " sustainable development"
- United Nations established a World Commission on environment and development(WCED) headed by Norwegian Prime Minister "Gro Harlero Brundtland. Commission gave a report is called "our common future" or Brundtland report".
- Our common future report in 1987, report define sustainable development as " development that meets the need of the present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs".
As per Herman Daly, the environment economist, the following are a way for sustainable development:
- Limit the human population to a level within the carrying capacity of the environment.
- Renewable resources such as water, soil, forest should be extracted on a sustainable basis; it should not exceed the rate of regeneration.
- For non-renewable resources, the rate of depletion should not exceed the rate of creation of renewable substitutes.
- Pollution that arises from inefficiency should be corrected.
Strategies for Sustainable development in India:
Use of Non-conventional Sources of Energy:
- India is highly dependent on thermal and hydro energy for energy needs. Thermal power plants emit co2 and fly ash. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that causes air pollution and global warming. Fly ash causes air, water, and soil pollutions.
- Hydroelectric generation causes forest submergence which causes methane gas emission and it is against the natural free flow of rivers.
- We should focus more on solar and wind energy for energy needs.
LPG, Gobar gas in Rural areas:
- Rural areas depended on wood and dung cake for their energy needs that lead to deforestation and air pollution.
- LPG and Gobar gas plant can be substitutes
CNG in Urban Areas:
- Usage of CNG in urban areas for automobiles will reduce air pollution.
- Wind energy in coastal areas and valley
- Solar power through photovoltaic cell
- Mini Hydel Plants
- Traditional knowledge and practices
- Bio-composting
- Bio pest control
For a detailed explanation, watch the below video:
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