1. Answer the following questions briefly.
(a) What is the true shape of the earth?
Answer:
Earth is not perfectly in spherical shape; it slightly bulges at the equator and flattened at the north and south poles. The shape of the earth is called the geoid.
(b) What is a globe?
Answer:
The miniature form of the earth which represents the actual model of the earth is called a globe.
Countries, continents, and oceans are shown in their correct sizes on the globe. That is, if the Pacific Ocean is the largest on Earth, then it is also shown in the largest size on the globe and how big it is from the Atlantic Ocean is also shown in the same proportion in the globe.
(c) What is the latitudinal value of the Tropic of Cancer?
Answer.
The latitudinal value of the Tropic of Cancer is 23.5 degrees north latitude.
(d) What are the three heat zones of the Earth?
Answer:
The following are the three heat zones of the Earth:
- Tropical or Torrid zone
- Temperate zone
- Frigid zone
The tropical or Torrid zone lies between the Tropic of Cancer (23.5°N) and the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5°S).
- The temperate zone is found in both hemispheres.
- In the Northern Hemisphere, it is between the Tropic of Cancer (23.5°N) to the Arctic Circle (66.5°N).
- In the Southern Hemisphere, it is between the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5° South) and the Antarctic Circle (66.5° South).
- The Frigid zone region is also found in both the hemispheres.
- In the Northern Hemisphere, it is between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole (90. North). In the Southern Hemisphere, it is between the Antarctic Circle to the South Pole (90° South).
(e) What are parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude?
Answer:
Parallels of Latitudes :
- All parallel circles from the equator to the poles are called latitudes.
- The distance between two parallel latitudes is the same, that is why it is called parallel to latitudes.
- 0-degree latitude is called the equator and 90-degree latitude is the North Pole and the South Pole.
- On moving away from either side of the equator, the length of the latitudes decreases, that is, the equator is the longest and the length of the latitudes at the poles is zero.
Meridians of longitude:
- The imaginary lines running from the North Pole to the South Pole are called longitude lines.
- Unlike lines of latitude, lines of longitude are equal in length and the distance between two longitude lines is smaller as one moves from the equator to the poles.
(f) Why does the torrid zone receive the maximum amount of heat?
Answer.
- The tropics are located between the Tropic of Cancer (23.5°N) and the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5°S).
- The maximum amount of heat is received in the tropics because once a year in all latitudes in this region the sun's rays fall exactly perpendicular (90-degree angle of the Sun's ray). When the sun's rays fall vertically, heat also falls faster in that area, as well as the duration of the day is also longer, which is why the maximum heat is received in the tropics.
(g) Why is it 5.30 p.m. in India and 12.00 noon in London?
Answer:
We know that the Earth takes 24 hours to rotate on its axis or 360 degrees of longitude.
What does it mean :
24 hours = 360 degrees
24*60 minutes = 360 degrees
1 degree=24*60/360=4 minutes
We also know that;
India is located east of the main meridian or Greenwich London longitude (0-degree longitude), which means Indian time will be ahead of London time.
The Indian standard meridian is 82.5 degrees east.
If we convert Indian Standard Meridian Line to minutes. This will come out to be 82.5*4=330 minutes = 5.50 hours.
In the question, it is given London time (o degree meridian) at 12.00 noon; This means Indian time in India will be 12.00 noon + 5.30 = 5.30 pm.
And if it is 5.30 in the evening in India then it is 12 in the afternoon in London.
2. Tick in the correct answers.
(a) The value of the prime meridian is
(i) 90° (ii) 0° (iii) 60°
Answer:
ii. 0 degree
(b) The frigid zone lies near
(i) the Poles (ii) the Equator (iii) the Tropic of Cancer
Answer:
i. the Poles
(c) The total number of longitudes are
(i) 360 (ii) 180 (iii) 90
Answer.
i. 360
(d) The Antarctic circle is located in
(i) the Northern hemisphere
(ii) the Southern hemisphere
(iii) the Eastern hemisphere
Answer.
ii. the Southern hemisphere
(e) Grid is a network of
(i) parallels of latitudes and meridians of longitudes
(ii) the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn
(iii) the North Pole and the South Pole
Answer.
i. parallels of latitudes and meridians of longitudes
3. Fill in the blanks.
(a) The Tropic of Capricorn is located at ____23.5 degrees South_____________.
(b) The Standard Meridian of India is _____82.5 degrees East_______________.
(c) The 0° Meridian is also known as ______Prime Meridian longitude______________.
(d) The distance between the longitudes decreases towards___Poles________.
(e) The Arctic Circle is located in the ______northern______ hemisphere.
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