1. Which one of the following scholars coined the term ‘Geography’?
(a) Herodotus
(b) Erathosthenese
(c) Galileo
(d) Aristotle
2. Which one of the following features can be termed as a ‘physical feature’?
(a) Port
(b) Road
(c) Plain
(d) Water park
3. Make correct pairs from the following two columns and mark the correct option.
1. Meteorology A. Population Geography
2. Demography B. Soil Geography
3. Sociology C. Climatology
4. Pedology D. Social Geography
(a) 1B,2C,3A,4D
(b) 1A,2D,3B,4C
(c) 1D,2B,3C,4A
(d) 1C,2A,3D,4B
4. Which one of the following questions is related to a cause-effect relationship?
(a) Why
(b) Where
(c) What
(d) When
5. Which one of the following disciplines attempts temporal synthesis?
(a) Sociology
(b) Geography
(c) Anthropology
(d) History
6. Which one of the following figures represents the age of the earth?
(a) 4.6 million years
(b) 13.7 billion years
(c) 4.6 billion years
(d) 13.7 trillion years
7. Which one of the following has the longest duration?
(a) Eons
(b) Period
(c) Era
(d) Epoch
8. Which one of the following is not related to the formation or modification of the present atmosphere?
(a) Solar winds
(b) Differentiation
(c) Degassing
(d) Photosynthesis
9. Which one of the following represents the inner planets?
(a) Planets between the sun and the earth
(b) Planets between the sun and the belt of asteroids
(c) Planets in the gaseous state
(d) Planets without satellite(s)
10. Life on the earth appeared around how many years before the present?
(a) 13.7 billion
(b) 3.8 million
(c) 4.6 billion
(d) 3.8 billion
11. Which one of the following earthquake waves is more destructive?
(a) P-waves
(b) S-waves
(c) Surface waves
(d) None of the above
12. Which one of the following is a direct source of information about the interior of the earth?
(a) Earthquake waves
(b) Volcanoes
(c) Gravitational force
(d) Earth magnetism
13. Which type of volcanic eruptions has caused Deccan Trap formations?
(a) Shield
(b) Flood
(c) Composite
(d) Caldera
14. Which one of the following describes the lithosphere:
(a) the upper and lower mantle
(b) crust and upper mantle
(c) crust and core
(d) mantle and core
15. Who amongst the following was the first to consider the possibility of Europe, Africa, and America having been located side by side.
(a) Alfred Wegener
(b) Antonio Pellegrini
(c) Abraham Ortelius
(d) Edmond Hess
16. Polar fleeing force relates to:
(a) Revolution of the Earth
(b) Gravitation
(c) Rotation of the earth
(d) Tides
17. Which one of the following is not a minor plate?
(a) Nazca
(b) Arabia
(c) the Philippines
(d) Antarctica
18. Which one of the following facts was not considered by those while discussing the concept of seafloor spreading?
(a) Volcanic activity along the mid-oceanic ridges.
(b) Stripes of the normal and reverse magnetic field observed in rocks of the ocean floor.
(c) Distribution of fossils in different continents.
(d) Age of rocks from the ocean floor.
19. Which one of the following is the type of plate boundary of the Indian plate along the Himalayan mountains?
(a) Ocean-continent convergence
(b) Divergent boundary
(c) Transform boundary
(d) Continent-continent convergence
20. Which one of the following is the two main constituents of granite?
(a) Iron and nickel
(b) Iron and silver
(c) Silica and aluminum
(d) Iron Oxide and potassium
21. Which one of the following is the salient feature of metamorphic rocks?
(a) Changeable
(b) Quite
(c) Crystalline
(d) Foliation
22. Which one of the following is not a single element mineral?
(a) Gold
(b) Silver
(c) Mica
(d) Graphite
23. Which one of the following is the hardest mineral?
(a) Topaz
(b) Diamond
(c) Quartz
(d) Feldspar
24. Which one of the following is not a sedimentary rock?
(a) Tillite
(b) Borax
(c) Breccia
(d) Marble
25. Which one of the following processes is a gradational process?
(a) Deposition
(c) Volcanism
(b) Diastrophism
(d) Erosion
26. Which one of the following materials is affected by the hydration process?
(a) Granite
(b) Clay
(c) Quartz
(d) Salts
27. Debris avalanche can be included in the category of:
(a) Landslides
(b) Slow flow mass movements
(c) Rapid flow mass movements
(d) Subsidence
28. In which of the following stages of landform development, downward cutting is dominated?
(a) Youth stage
(b) Late mature stage
(c) Early mature stage
(d) Old stage
29. A deep valley characterized by steep step-like side slopes is known as
(a) U-shaped valley
(b) Gorge
(c) Blind valley
(d) Canyon
30. In which one of the following regions the chemical weathering process is more dominant than the mechanical process?
(a) Humid region
(b) Limestone region
(c) Arid region
(d) Glacier region
31. Which one of the following sentences best defines the term ‘Lapies’?
(a) A small to a medium-sized shallow depression
(b) A landform whose opening is more or less circular at the top and funnel-shaped towards the bottom
(c) A landform formed due to dripping water from the surface
(d) An irregular surface with sharp pinnacles, grooves, and ridges
32. A deep, long, and wide trough or basin with very steep concave high walls at its head as well as insides is known as:
(a) Cirque
(b) Glacial valley
(c) Lateral Moraine
(d) Esker
33. Which one of the following gases constitutes the major portion of the atmosphere?
(a) Oxygen
(b) Nitrogen
(c) Argon
(d) Carbon dioxide
34. Atmospheric layer important for human beings is:
(a) Stratosphere
(b) Mesosphere
(c) Troposphere
(d) Ionosphere
35. Sea salt, pollen, ash, smoke soot, fine soil — these are associated with:
(a) Gases
(b) Dust particles
(c) Water vapor
(d) Meteors
36. Oxygen gas is in negligible quantity at the height of the atmosphere:
(a) 90 km
(b) 120 km
(c) 100 km
(d) 150 km
37. Which one of the following gases is transparent to incoming solar radiation and opaque to outgoing terrestrial radiation?
(a) Oxygen
(b) Nitrogen
(c) Helium
(d) Carbon dioxide
38. The sun is directly overhead at noon on 21st June at:
(a) The equator
(b) 23.5° S
(c) 23.5° N
(d) 66.5° N
39. In which one of the following cities, are the days the longest?
(a) Thiruvananthapuram
(b) Chandigarh
(c) Hyderabad
(d) Nagpur
40. The atmosphere is mainly heated by the:
(a) Short wave solar radiation
(b) Reflected solar radiation
(c) Longwave terrestrial radiation
(d) Scattered solar radiation
41. If the surface air pressure is 1,000 Mb, the air pressure at 1 km above the surface will be:
(a) 700 mb
(b) 1,100 mb
(c) 900 mb
(d) 1,300 mb
42. The Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone normally occurs:
(a) near the Equator
(b) near the Tropic of Cancer
(c) near the Tropic of Capricorn
(d) near the Arctic Circle
43. The direction of wind around low pressure in the northern hemisphere is:
(a) clockwise
(b) perpendicular to isobars
(c) anti-clock wise
(d) parallel to isobars
44. Which one of the following is the source region for the formation of air masses?
(a) the Equatorial forest
(b) the Himalayas
(c) the Siberian Plain
(d) the Deccan Plateau
45. Which one of the following is the most important constituent of the atmosphere for human beings?
(a) Water vapor
(b) Nitrogen
(c) Dust particle
(d) Oxygen
46. Which one of the following processes is responsible for transforming liquid into vapor?
(a) Condensation
(b) Transpiration
(c) Evaporation
(d) Precipitation
47. The air that contains moisture to its full capacity :
(a) Relative humidity
(b) Specific humidity
(c) Absolute humidity
(d) Saturated air
48. Which one of the following is the highest cloud in the sky?
(a) Cirrus
(b) Stratus
(c) Nimbus
(d) Cumulus
49. Make correct pairs from the following two columns.
(i) Insolation (a) The difference between the mean temperature of the warmest and the coldest months
(ii) Albedo (b) The lines joining the places of equal temperature
(iii) Isotherm (c) The incoming solar radiation
(iv) Annual range (d) The percentage of visible light reflected by an object
50. Which one of the following is suitable for Koeppen’s “A” type of climate?
(a) High rainfall in all the months
(b) Mean monthly temperature of the coldest month more than the freezing point
(c) Mean monthly temperature of all the months more than 18o C
(d) Average temperature for all the months below 10° C
51. Koeppen’s system of classification of climates can be termed as :
(a) Applied
(b) Systematic
(c) Genetic
(d) Empirical
52. Most of the Indian Peninsula will be grouped according to Koeppen’s system under:
(a) “Af”
(b) “BSh”
(c) “Cfb”
(d) “Am”
53. Which one of the following years is supposed to have recorded the warmest temperature the world over?
(a) 1990
(b) 1998
(c) 1885
(d) 1950
54. Which one of the following groups of four climates represents humid conditions?
(a) A—B—C—E
(b) A—C—D—E
(c) B—C—D—E
(d) A—C—D—F
55. Identify the element which is not a part of the hydrological cycle
(a) Evaporation
(b) Hydration
(c) Precipitation
(d) Condensation
56. The average depth of continental slope varies between
(a) 2-20m
(b) 200-2,000m
(c) 20-200m
(d) 2,000-20,000m
57. Which one of the following is not a minor relief feature in the oceans:
(a) Seamount
(b) Atoll
(c) Oceanic Deep
(d) Guyot
58. Salinity is expressed as the amount of salt in grams dissolved in seawater per
(a) 10 gm
(b) 1,000 gm
(c) 100 gm
(d) 10,000 gm
59. Which one of the following is the smallest ocean:
(a) the Indian Ocean
(b) the Arctic Ocean
(c) the Atlantic Ocean
(d) the Pacific Ocean
60. Upward and downward movement of ocean water is known as the :
(a) tide
(b) current
(c) wave
(d) none of the above
61. Spring tides are caused :
(a) As a result of the moon and the sun pulling the earth gravitationally in the same direction.
(b) As a result of the moon and the sun pulling the earth gravitationally in the opposite direction.
(c) Indention in the coastline.
(d) None of the above.
62. The distance between the earth and the moon is minimum when the moon is in :
(a) Aphelion
(b) Perigee
(c) Perihelion
(d) Apogee
63. The earth reaches its perihelion in:
(a) October
(b) September
(c) July
(d) January
64. Which one of the following is included in the biosphere?
(a) only plants
(b) all living and non-living organisms
(c) only animals
(d) all living organisms
65. Tropical grasslands are also known as :
(a) the prairies
(b) the savannas
(c) the steppes
(d) none of the above
66. Oxygen combines with iron found in the rocks to form :
(a) iron carbonate
(b) iron nitrites
(c) iron oxides
(d) iron sulfate
67. During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide combines with water in the presence of sunlight to form :
(a) proteins
(b) amino acids
(c) carbohydrates
(d) vitamins
68. Conservation of biodiversity is important for :
(a) Animals
(b) Animals and plants
(c) Plants
(d) All organisms
69. Threatened species are those which :
(a) threaten others
(b) Lion and tiger
(c) are abundant in number
(d) are suffering from the danger of extinction
70. National parks and sanctuaries are established for the purpose of :
(a) Recreation
(b) Hunting
(c) Pets
(d) Conservation
71. Biodiversity is richer in :
(a) Tropical Regions
(b) Polar Regions
(c) Temperate Regions
(d) Oceans
72. In which one of the following countries, the ‘Earth Summit’ was held?
(a) the UK
(b) Mexico
(c) Brazil
(d) China
Answer:
1- B; 2-C; 3-D; 4-A; 5-B;
6-C; 7-A; 8-B; 9-B; 10-D;
11-C; 12-B; 13-B; 14-B; 15-C
16-C; 17-D; 18-C; 19-D; 20-C;
21-D; 22-C; 23-B; 24-D; 25-D;
26-D; 27-C; 28-A; 29-D; 30-B;
31-D; 32-A; 33-B; 34-C; 35-B;
36-B; 37-D; 38-C; 39-A; 40-C;
41-C; 42-A; 43-C; 44-C; 45-D;
46-C; 47-D; 48-A;
49:
i. Insolation-c: the incoming solar radiation
ii. Albedo-d: the percentage of visible light reflected by the object
iii. Isotherms--b: the lines joining the place of equal temperature
iv. Annual range--a. the difference between the mean temperature of the warmest and coldest month
50-C; 51-D; 52-D; 53-A; 54-B; 55-B;
56-B; 57-C; 58-B; 59-B; 60-C;
61-A; 62-B; 63-D; 64-D; 65-B;
66-C; 67-C;68-D; 69-D; 70-D;
71-A; 72-C;
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