Effects of the propagation of earthquake waves on the rock mass

Question: 

What are the effects of the propagation of earthquake waves on the rock mass through which they travel?

Answer:

Different earthquake waves have different modes of transmission. Due to the propagation of waves, there are vibrations in the rocks.

Effect on rocks on the propagation of "P" waves:

• The direction of vibration and the direction of propagation of "P" waves is the same, when it passes through the rocks, it creates density differences and causes contraction and expansion in the rocks.

Effect on rocks on the propagation of "S" waves:

• The direction of vibration and the direction of propagation of "S" waves is vertical/right-angled, due to which it creates crest and troughs in it.

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