Question.
Analyze the present factors of international migrations with suitable examples. ( 63rd BPSC, 2019)
Answer.
Internation migration means the movement of people from one country to another country either temporarily or permanently. Internation migration is a common phenomenon and it is happening since the origin of the concept of state. Migration takes place because of push factors(fewer economic opportunities and low status of socio-economic conditions) at the source region and pulls factors( better socio-economic opportunities in the developed areas) at the destination region.
As per the Global World Migration report 2020, 3.6 % of the global population migrated in the year 2020.
The following are present factors of international migration:
Economic factors:
- Poverty and lack of employment in the source region contribute to migrations. For example, People from Cambodia move to Thailand and Malaysia.
- People from poor countries are moving to developed countries in Europe or North America.
- People from South Asia are migrating to parts of the world including West Asia due to higher wages and labour demand in the destination region.
Violence, Systematic persecution, political instability, and marginalization:
- More than 10 lakh of Rohingya migrated from Myanmar to other countries such as Bangladesh due to violence and persecution in 2018.
- People are migrating to other countries from Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, etc due to violence in the source region.
Disaster, natural hazard, and Climate change:
- Groundwater depletion, flood, drought, and earthquakes are some hazardous issue that leads to migration within the country or to another country also.
- As per the World migration report, there were 3.3 million migrations happening in south Asia in 2018 due to sudden hazards.
- Mangkhut Typhoon in Phillippines contributed to 3.8 million people's displacement.
Low fertility rate and ageing population:
- Japan and South Korea are experiencing a low fertility rate and an ageing population. Due to a shortage of labour, more people from abroad are moving
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