Question.
Discuss the problems associated with inter-state and cross-border migration in India and suggest policies and measures overcome the problems. ( 63rd BPSC, 2019)
Answer.
As we know that, In India, some part of the country provides good economic opportunities and other parts of the country lack basic opportunities. Due to regional imbalance, people migrate to better places for a good life and good economic opportunity.
For better opportunities, if the migration of people happens from one state to another, then it is called inter-state migration and if the migration happens from India to another country then it is called cross-border migration.
Following are the problems associated with inter-state and cross-border migration:
- Migrants have to face a lot of struggle at the workplace as they do not get paid on time, they have to face abuse.
- Lack of facilities and space in destination areas leads to the development of slums.
- The migration of selective age and skills leads to an imbalance of the demographic composition of both the source and destination regions.
- The lack of social security and health in the destination area creates a sense of social exclusion, resulting in an increase in crime, drug abuse, etc.
- Overcrowding leads to over-exploitation of natural resources, as a result of which cities face water scarcity, air, and water problems.
- People do not get visas and passwords easily for cross-border migration. Police take bribes to give the correct reports of investigation. To facilitate migration from India to abroad, there are middlemen who often give wrong information and do not give correct information about jobs, salaries, contract periods to the migrants.
- Especially for laborers and unskilled workers, there is a lack of skills and basic knowledge about the destination country, due to which they do not get the justified salary for their work.
Strategies and measures to overcome problems:
- There is a need to strengthen the rural economy and empower the cottage industries so that unnecessary migration from the village to the city can be minimized.
- There is a need to provide skill, design, and technology in Panchayats so that they can provide adequate employment opportunities.
- Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana and Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act are working in strengthening the rural economy, it needs to be strengthened further.
- Infrastructure development in both urban and rural areas:
- Smart villages and smart cities are working on infrastructure development, this needs to be taken further.
- There is a need to check the unplanned migration so that the exploitation of natural resources at the destination can be checked.
ConversionConversion EmoticonEmoticon