Explain the merits and demerits of districts as a unit of planning in India with examples.

Question.

Explain the merits and demerits of districts as a unit of planning in India with examples. ( 63rd BPSC, 2019) 

Answer:

The district is the main unit of decentralized planning in India. The Third Five Year Plan (1961-66) emphasized district-level planning but it was formally recognized in the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts of 1992.

Merits of District as a unit of planning in India:

• A district is a kind of most suitable natural geographical area, which shows homogeneity of many things like resources, demographic characteristics, agro-economic activities, relief facilities, infrastructural features, and cultural features.
• For example, the Sonbhadra district of Uttar Pradesh has a unique natural feature (i.e. hilly area) that is not found in the neighboring district of Uttar Pradesh.
• It is the most suitable unit of planning in diverse countries like India.
• The district provides greater suitability for mobilization of resources and use of local resources, which makes planning much easier.
• It ensures greater participation of local people in development and eases administration.

Demerits of Districts as a Unit of Planning in India:

• In fact, all the districts of India are not created on the basis of uniformity of resources which creates problems in planning.
• There is a lack of expertise and trained staff both in quantity and quality in the district, due to which planning is not done well.
• There is often a lack of coordination among various agencies within the district and at the state and central levels.
• Financially, districts are not self-sufficient units of planning. It has depended on the state or the center for finances.
• In practice, state and central government schemes are implemented in the district without fully understanding the local requirement and sustainability of resources.

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