1. Which deficiency causes Kwashiorkor disease?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin K
c) Vitamin E
d) Protein
Answer. d) Protein; deficiency in protein cause Kwashiorkor disease.
Kwashiorkor is a severe form of malnutrition that primarily affects children. It is caused by a deficiency of protein in the diet, often accompanied by insufficient calorie intake. Common symptoms include swelling of the belly, skin and hair changes, weakness, and impaired growth. Treatment involves providing a balanced diet rich in protein and essential nutrients. If left untreated, Kwashiorkor can lead to serious health complications and even death.
2. Which vitamin deficiency causes Nyctalopia disease?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin K
c) Vitamin E
d) Iodine
Answer. a) Vitamin A; deficiency in vitamin A causes Nyctalopia disease ( night blindness).
Nyctalopia, commonly known as night blindness, is a vision disorder that makes it difficult for individuals to see in low-light conditions, such as at night or in dimly lit environments. It is often caused by an underlying eye condition, such as vitamin A deficiency, retinitis pigmentosa, or cataracts, that impairs the functioning of the retina, which is responsible for detecting light.
Symptoms of night blindness include difficulty seeing in the dark, slow adjustment to changes in light levels, and reduced peripheral vision. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve addressing nutritional deficiencies, managing eye conditions, or using aids like night vision glasses.
3. Which vitamin deficiency causes Xeropthalmia disease?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin K
c) Vitamin E
d) Iodine
Answer. a) Vitamin A; deficiency in vitamin A causes Xeropthalmia disease ( Dryness of eye cornea).
Xerophthalmia: Xerophthalmia is a condition caused by severe vitamin A deficiency. It leads to dryness of the eyes, night blindness, and in severe cases, can result in corneal damage and blindness.
4. Which vitamin deficiency causes hemorrhage disease?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin K
c) Vitamin E
d) Vitamin D
Answer. b) Vitamin K; deficiency in vitamin K causes Hemorrhage disease.
Hemorrhage: Hemorrhage refers to uncontrolled bleeding. It can occur internally or externally and may be caused by various factors, including injuries, medical conditions, or blood clotting disorders.
5. Which vitamin deficiency causes Osteomalacia disease?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin K
c) Vitamin E
d) Vitamin D
Answer. d) Vitamin D; deficiency in vitamin D causes Osteomalacia disease (Bone disease in adults).
Osteomalacia: Osteomalacia is a condition characterized by the softening of bones due to a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate. It can lead to bone pain, muscle weakness, and fractures.
6. Which vitamin deficiency causes Ricket's disease?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin K
c) Vitamin E
d) Vitamin D
Answer. d) Vitamin D; deficiency in vitamin D causes Rickets disease (Bone disease in children).
7. Which vitamin deficiency causes Scurvy disease?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B
c) Vitamin C
d) Vitamin D
Answer. c) Vitamin C; deficiency in vitamin C causes Scurvy disease (bleeding gum, tooth loss,).
Scurvy: Scurvy is a disease caused by a severe deficiency of vitamin C. Its symptoms include weakness, fatigue, gum disease, and skin problems. Historically, it was common among sailors on long sea voyages without access to fresh fruits and vegetables.
8. Which vitamin deficiency causes Beriberi disease?
a) Vitamin B1
b) Vitamin B2
c) Vitamin B9
d) Vitamin B12
Answer. a) Vitamin B1; deficiency in vitamin B1(thiamin) causes Beriberi disease.
Beriberi: Beriberi is a condition caused by a deficiency of vitamin B1 (thiamine). It can lead to symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, nerve damage, and heart problems. There are two main types of beriberi: wet beriberi, which affects the cardiovascular system, and dry beriberi, which affects the nervous system.
9. Which vitamin helps blood clotting?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin C
c) Vitamin K
d) Vitamin E
Answer. c) Vitamin K; deficiency in vitamin K causes failure in blood clotting.
Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in blood clotting (coagulation) and bone metabolism. There are two primary forms of vitamin K:
Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone): This form of vitamin K is primarily found in green leafy vegetables, such as spinach, kale, and broccoli. It is essential for the production of clotting factors in the liver and is important for blood clot formation.
Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone): Vitamin K2 is found in animal products and some fermented foods. It plays a role in bone health by helping to regulate calcium deposition in bones and teeth. It also has some cardiovascular benefits.
Vitamin K deficiency can lead to bleeding problems, as the blood doesn't clot properly. Newborns are often given a vitamin K injection shortly after birth to prevent a rare bleeding disorder known as hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.
Vitamin K is also sometimes used in medical settings to reverse the effects of certain blood-thinning medications, such as warfarin, when excessive bleeding occurs.
10. Deficiency in which vitamin causes Anemia disease?
a) Vitamin B1
b) Vitamin B2
c) Vitamin B9
d) Vitamin B12
Answer. d) Vitamin B12
11. Cobalamin is the chemical or scientific name of which vitamin?
a) Vitamin B1
b) Vitamin B2
c) Vitamin B9
d) Vitamin B12
Answer. d) Vitamin B12;
Vitamin A: Retinol
Vitamin B1: Thiamine
Vitamin B2: Riboflavin
Vitamin B3: Niacin (or Nicotinic Acid)
Vitamin B5: Pantothenic Acid
Vitamin B6: Pyridoxine
Vitamin B7: Biotin (or Vitamin H)
Vitamin B9: Folate (or Folic Acid)
Vitamin B12: Cobalamin
Vitamin C: Ascorbic Acid
Vitamin D: Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) or Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2)
Vitamin E: Tocopherol
Vitamin K: Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1) or Menaquinone (Vitamin K2)
12. Thymine is the scientific name of which vitamin?
a) Vitamin B1
b) Vitamin B2
c) Vitamin B9
d) Vitamin B12
Answer. a) Vitamin B1;
Vitamin A: Retinol
Vitamin B1: Thiamine
Vitamin B2: Riboflavin
Vitamin B3: Niacin (or Nicotinic Acid)
Vitamin B5: Pantothenic Acid
Vitamin B6: Pyridoxine
Vitamin B7: Biotin (or Vitamin H)
Vitamin B9: Folate (or Folic Acid)
Vitamin B12: Cobalamin
Vitamin C: Ascorbic Acid
Vitamin D: Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) or Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2)
Vitamin E: Tocopherol
Vitamin K: Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1) or Menaquinone (Vitamin K2)
13. Folic Acid is the scientific name of which vitamin?
a) Vitamin B1
b) Vitamin B2
c) Vitamin B3
d) Vitamin B9
Answer. d) Vitamin B9; deficiency in vitamin B9 causes Megaloblas anemia;
Vitamin A: Retinol
Vitamin B1: Thiamine
Vitamin B2: Riboflavin
Vitamin B3: Niacin (or Nicotinic Acid)
Vitamin B5: Pantothenic Acid
Vitamin B6: Pyridoxine
Vitamin B7: Biotin (or Vitamin H)
Vitamin B9: Folate (or Folic Acid)
Vitamin B12: Cobalamin
Vitamin C: Ascorbic Acid
Vitamin D: Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) or Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2)
Vitamin E: Tocopherol
Vitamin K: Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1) or Menaquinone (Vitamin K2)
14. Niacin is the scientific name of which vitamin?
a) Vitamin B1
b) Vitamin B2
c) Vitamin B3
d) Vitamin B9
Answer. c) Vitamin B3; deficiency in vitamin B3 causes Pellagra;
Vitamin A: Retinol
Vitamin B1: Thiamine
Vitamin B2: Riboflavin
Vitamin B3: Niacin (or Nicotinic Acid)
Vitamin B5: Pantothenic Acid
Vitamin B6: Pyridoxine
Vitamin B7: Biotin (or Vitamin H)
Vitamin B9: Folate (or Folic Acid)
Vitamin B12: Cobalamin
Vitamin C: Ascorbic Acid
Vitamin D: Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) or Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2)
Vitamin E: Tocopherol
Vitamin K: Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1) or Menaquinone (Vitamin K2)
15. Deficiency in which vitamin causes Megaloblastic Anemia disease?
a) Vitamin B1
b) Vitamin B2
c) Vitamin B9
d) Vitamin B12
Answer. c) Vitamin B9;
Vitamin B9 (Folate) Deficiency:
Megaloblastic anemia
Neural tube defects in newborns if deficiency occurs during pregnancy
16. Deficiency in which vitamin causes Pellagra disease?
a) Vitamin B1
b) Vitamin B2
c) Vitamin B3
d) Vitamin B9
Answer. c) Vitamin B3;
Vitamin A Deficiency: Night blindness, Xerophthalmia (dryness of the eyes), Weakened immune system, Skin problems
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency: Beriberi (wet and dry types), Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (common in alcoholics)
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) Deficiency: Ariboflavinosis (inflammation of the throat and tongue)
Skin and eye problems
Vitamin B3 (Niacin) Deficiency: Pellagra (skin rash, digestive issues, mental disturbances)
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid) Deficiency: Uncommon, but it can result in fatigue, irritability, and digestive problems
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) Deficiency: Anemia, Dermatitis, Neurological symptoms
Vitamin B7 (Biotin) Deficiency: Hair loss, Skin rashes, Neurological symptoms
Vitamin B9 (Folate) Deficiency: Megaloblastic anemia, Neural tube defects in newborns if deficiency occurs during pregnancy
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency: Pernicious anemia, Nervous system damage, Fatigue and weakness.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Deficiency: Scurvy (bleeding gums, skin problems, weakness).
Vitamin D Deficiency: Rickets (in children, results in weak and deformed bones), Osteomalacia (in adults, softening of bones), Increased risk of osteoporosis
Vitamin E Deficiency: Uncommon, but it can result in nerve and muscle damage
Vitamin K Deficiency: Impaired blood clotting, leading to excessive bleeding
17. Ascorbic Acid is the scientific name of which vitamin?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B
c) Vitamin C
d) Vitamin D
Answer. c) Vitamin C;
Vitamin A Deficiency: Night blindness, Xerophthalmia (dryness of the eyes), Weakened immune system, Skin problems
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency: Beriberi (wet and dry types), Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (common in alcoholics)
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) Deficiency: Ariboflavinosis (inflammation of the throat and tongue)
Skin and eye problems
Vitamin B3 (Niacin) Deficiency: Pellagra (skin rash, digestive issues, mental disturbances)
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid) Deficiency: Uncommon, but it can result in fatigue, irritability, and digestive problems
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) Deficiency: Anemia, Dermatitis, Neurological symptoms
Vitamin B7 (Biotin) Deficiency: Hair loss, Skin rashes, Neurological symptoms
Vitamin B9 (Folate) Deficiency: Megaloblastic anemia, Neural tube defects in newborns if deficiency occurs during pregnancy
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency: Pernicious anemia, Nervous system damage, Fatigue and weakness.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Deficiency: Scurvy (bleeding gums, skin problems, weakness).
Vitamin D Deficiency: Rickets (in children, results in weak and deformed bones), Osteomalacia (in adults, softening of bones), Increased risk of osteoporosis
Vitamin E Deficiency: Uncommon, but it can result in nerve and muscle damage
Vitamin K Deficiency: Impaired blood clotting, leading to excessive bleeding
18. Cholecalciferol is the scientific name of which vitamin?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B
c) Vitamin C
d) Vitamin D
Answer. d) Vitamin D;
Vitamin A Deficiency: Night blindness, Xerophthalmia (dryness of the eyes), Weakened immune system, Skin problems
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency: Beriberi (wet and dry types), Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (common in alcoholics)
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) Deficiency: Ariboflavinosis (inflammation of the throat and tongue)
Skin and eye problems
Vitamin B3 (Niacin) Deficiency: Pellagra (skin rash, digestive issues, mental disturbances)
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid) Deficiency: Uncommon, but it can result in fatigue, irritability, and digestive problems
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) Deficiency: Anemia, Dermatitis, Neurological symptoms
Vitamin B7 (Biotin) Deficiency: Hair loss, Skin rashes, Neurological symptoms
Vitamin B9 (Folate) Deficiency: Megaloblastic anemia, Neural tube defects in newborns if deficiency occurs during pregnancy
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency: Pernicious anemia, Nervous system damage, Fatigue and weakness.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Deficiency: Scurvy (bleeding gums, skin problems, weakness).
Vitamin D Deficiency: Rickets (in children, results in weak and deformed bones), Osteomalacia (in adults, softening of bones), Increased risk of osteoporosis
Vitamin E Deficiency: Uncommon, but it can result in nerve and muscle damage
Vitamin K Deficiency: Impaired blood clotting, leading to excessive bleeding
19. Retinol is the scientific name of which vitamin?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B
c) Vitamin E
d) Vitamin K
Answer. a) Vitamin A;
Vitamin A Deficiency: Night blindness, Xerophthalmia (dryness of the eyes), Weakened immune system, Skin problems
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency: Beriberi (wet and dry types), Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (common in alcoholics)
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) Deficiency: Ariboflavinosis (inflammation of the throat and tongue)
Skin and eye problems
Vitamin B3 (Niacin) Deficiency: Pellagra (skin rash, digestive issues, mental disturbances)
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid) Deficiency: Uncommon, but it can result in fatigue, irritability, and digestive problems
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) Deficiency: Anemia, Dermatitis, Neurological symptoms
Vitamin B7 (Biotin) Deficiency: Hair loss, Skin rashes, Neurological symptoms
Vitamin B9 (Folate) Deficiency: Megaloblastic anemia, Neural tube defects in newborns if deficiency occurs during pregnancy
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency: Pernicious anemia, Nervous system damage, Fatigue and weakness.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Deficiency: Scurvy (bleeding gums, skin problems, weakness).
Vitamin D Deficiency: Rickets (in children, results in weak and deformed bones), Osteomalacia (in adults, softening of bones), Increased risk of osteoporosis
Vitamin E Deficiency: Uncommon, but it can result in nerve and muscle damage
Vitamin K Deficiency: Impaired blood clotting, leading to excessive bleeding
20. Menaquinones is the scientific name of which vitamin?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B
c) Vitamin E
d) Vitamin K
Answer. d) Vitamin K;
Vitamin A Deficiency: Night blindness, Xerophthalmia (dryness of the eyes), Weakened immune system, Skin problems
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency: Beriberi (wet and dry types), Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (common in alcoholics)
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) Deficiency: Ariboflavinosis (inflammation of the throat and tongue)
Skin and eye problems
Vitamin B3 (Niacin) Deficiency: Pellagra (skin rash, digestive issues, mental disturbances)
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid) Deficiency: Uncommon, but it can result in fatigue, irritability, and digestive problems
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) Deficiency: Anemia, Dermatitis, Neurological symptoms
Vitamin B7 (Biotin) Deficiency: Hair loss, Skin rashes, Neurological symptoms
Vitamin B9 (Folate) Deficiency: Megaloblastic anemia, Neural tube defects in newborns if deficiency occurs during pregnancy
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency: Pernicious anemia, Nervous system damage, Fatigue and weakness.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Deficiency: Scurvy (bleeding gums, skin problems, weakness).
Vitamin D Deficiency: Rickets (in children, results in weak and deformed bones), Osteomalacia (in adults, softening of bones), Increased risk of osteoporosis
Vitamin E Deficiency: Uncommon, but it can result in nerve and muscle damage
Vitamin K Deficiency: Impaired blood clotting, leading to excessive bleeding
21. Tocopherols is the scientific name of which vitamin?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B
c) Vitamin E
d) Vitamin K
Answer. d) Vitamin E;
22. In general, the Vitamin B complex is comprised of many vitamins?
a) 4
b) 8
c) 12
d) 16
Answer. b) 8; Vitamin B complex comprises of Vitamin B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, and B12
23. Which of the following vitamins is produced by kidneys?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B
c) Vitamin C
d) Vitamin D
Answer. d) Vitamin D
24. Which vitamin is also known as a beauty or anti-sterility vitamin?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B
c) Vitamin C
d) Vitamin E
Answer. d) Vitamin E
25. Which one of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched? ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Vitamin A: Orange
b) Vitamin C: Lemon
c) Vitamin D: Cod Liver oil
d) Vitamin B6: Rice bran
Answer. a) Vitamin A: Orange;
Vitamin A is found mainly in carrots, Papaya, eggs, etc; Orange is known for Vitamin C.
26. Which of the following vitamins is essential for normal vision? ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Folic acid
b) Riboflavin
c) Niacin
d) Retinol
Answer. d) Retinol
Vitamin A ( chemical name Retinol) is essential for normal vision.
The chemical name of Vitamin B9 is Folic Acid.
The chemical name of Vitamin B2 is Riboflavin
The chemical name of Vitamin B3 is Niacin.
27. Given below are two statements, one is labeled as Assertion ( A), and the other as Reason ( R): ( UPPSC PYQ)
Assertion ( A): The human body synthesizes all the vitamins required by it.
Reason ( R): Vitamins are essential for proper growth of the body.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) Both ( A) and ( R) are true and ( R) is the correct explanation of ( A)
b) Both ( A) and (R) are true, but ( R) is not the correct explanation of ( A).
c) (A) is true, but ( R) is false.
d) ( A) is false, but ( R) is true
Answer. d) ( A) is false, but ( R) is true
28. Riboflavin deficiency causes which of the following diseases? ( UPPSC PYQ 2021)
a) Pellagra
b) Scurvy
c) Beri Beri
d) Cheilosis
Answer. d) Cheilosis;
Riboflavin ( Vitamin B2) deficiency causes Cheilosis ( cut on libs).
29. Which vitamin is soluble in water? ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Vitamin "A"
b) Vitamin "B"
c) Vitamin "E"
d) Vitamin "D"
Answer. b) Vitamin "B" is soluble in water.
Fat-Soluble Vitamins:
Vitamin A (Retinol): Necessary for vision, skin health, and immune function.
Vitamin D (Calciferol): Critical for calcium absorption, bone health, and immune function.
Vitamin E (Tocopherol): Acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage.
Vitamin K (Phylloquinone and Menaquinone): Essential for blood clotting and bone metabolism.
These fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed along with dietary fats and are stored in the body's fatty tissues. Because they can be stored, excessive intake of fat-soluble vitamins can lead to toxicity over time.
Water-Soluble Vitamins:
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine): Important for energy metabolism.
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin): Involved in energy production and tissue health.
Vitamin B3 (Niacin): Essential for cellular metabolism and skin health.
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid): Required for the synthesis of fatty acids.
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine): Important for brain development and function.
Vitamin B7 (Biotin): Plays a role in metabolism and maintaining healthy skin and hair.
Vitamin B9 (Folate): Essential for DNA synthesis and cell growth.
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin): Necessary for nerve function and DNA synthesis.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid): An antioxidant that supports immune function and collagen production.
Water-soluble vitamins are not stored in large quantities in the body, and excess amounts are excreted through urine. This means they need to be consumed regularly through the diet to prevent deficiencies.
30. Which of the following is not a Natural source of Vitamin A?
a) Mango
b) Papaya
c) Carrot
d) Milk
Answer. c) Carrot;
Vitamin A is essential for good vision, a healthy immune system, and proper cell growth. Vitamin A-rich foods are Liver, Sweet Potatoes, Carrots, Spinach, Kale, Pumpkin, Butternut Squash, fish, egg, etc.
31. Alpha-keratin is a protein that
a) Present in blood
b) Present in the skin
c) Present in wool
d) Present in egg
Answer. b) Present in the skin;
Proteins are large biomolecules made up of amino acids and play essential roles in various biological processes. There are several types of proteins, each with specific functions and structures.
Here are some common types of proteins:
Enzymes: Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in the body. They are involved in processes such as digestion, metabolism, and DNA replication.
Structural Proteins: These proteins provide structural support to cells and tissues. Examples include collagen (found in skin, tendons, and bones) and keratin (found in hair and nails).
Transport Proteins: Transport proteins, like hemoglobin, carry molecules such as oxygen or ions through the bloodstream to various parts of the body.
Hormones: Hormonal proteins, like insulin, regulate physiological processes and act as messengers between cells and organs.
Antibodies: Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to recognize and neutralize foreign invaders like viruses and bacteria.
Contractile Proteins: These proteins, such as actin and myosin, enable muscle contractions and movement.
Storage Proteins: Storage proteins store essential molecules or ions. For instance, ferritin stores iron in the liver.
Chaperone Proteins: Chaperones assist in the folding of other proteins and help prevent misfolding or aggregation, ensuring proper protein function.
Receptor Proteins: Receptors on cell surfaces bind to specific molecules (ligands) and transmit signals into the cell, triggering various cellular responses.
Toxin Proteins: Some proteins produced by organisms like bacteria can act as toxins when introduced into the body, causing harm.
Adhesion Proteins: Adhesion proteins help cells stick together, maintaining tissue integrity and facilitating processes like wound healing.
Glycoproteins: These proteins have carbohydrate molecules attached to them and are involved in cell recognition and adhesion
32. Which of the following does not distort proteins?
a) Heat
b) Infrared Rays
c) X-Rays
d) Heavy metal salts
Answer. b) Infrared Rays
33. How many grams of protein does the feeding mother need in the daily diet?
a) 30 grams
b) 20 grams
c) 70 grams
d) 100 grams
Answer. c) 70 grams
34. Which of the following gives maximum energy in metabolic processes?
a) Carbohydrates
b) Fats
c) Proteins
d) Minerals
Answer. b) Fats
35. Iodine deficiency results in
a) Night blindness
b) Cancer
c) Goitre disease
d) Osteoporosis
Answer. c) Goitre disease
36. Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched? (UPPSC 2019)
(Vitamin) (Rich Source)
a) Vitamin B6 Rice bran
b) Vitamin B2 Cod-liver oil
c) Vitamin E Wheat germ oil
d) Vitamin K Alfalfa
Answer. b) Vitamin B2 Cod-liver oil; B2 is found in greeny vegetable.
37. Mother's milk provides an almost complete diet to the newborn, but it lacks the following: (UPPSC 2019)
a) Iron
b) Calcium
c) Magnesium
d) Potassium
Answer. a) Iron
38. Which of the following vitamins is essential for normal vision? (UPPSC 2021)
a) Folic acid
b) Riboflavin
c) Niacin
d) Retinol
Answer. d) Retinol
39. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists- ( UPPSC PYQ)
List-I List-II
A. Vitamin 1. Pepsin
B. Enzyme 2. Carotene
C. Hormone 3. Keratin
D. Protein 4. Progesterone
Codes-
ABCD
a) 1234
b) 1243
c) 2134
d) 2143
Answer. d) 2143;
Enzymes:
Digestive Enzymes: These enzymes, produced in the digestive system, break down food into smaller molecules for absorption. Examples include amylase (which breaks down carbohydrates) and lipase (which breaks down fats).
DNA Polymerase: Essential for DNA replication, DNA polymerase helps build new DNA strands during cell division.
RNA Polymerase: Responsible for synthesizing RNA from DNA templates during transcription.
Catalase: Found in cells, catalase helps break down hydrogen peroxide, a harmful byproduct of metabolism.
ATPase: This enzyme is involved in the hydrolysis of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), releasing energy for cellular processes.
Hormones:
Insulin: Produced by the pancreas, insulin regulates blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose by cells.
Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4): These hormones, produced by the thyroid gland, control metabolism, energy production, and body temperature.
Cortisol: Secreted by the adrenal glands, cortisol plays a role in stress response, metabolism, and immune function.
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine: Also known as adrenaline and noradrenaline, these hormones are released by the adrenal glands in response to stress and prepare the body for a "fight or flight" response.
Growth Hormone (GH): Produced by the pituitary gland, GH stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration.
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH): Released by the pituitary gland, TSH controls the thyroid gland's production of thyroid hormones.
Melatonin: Produced by the pineal gland, melatonin regulates the sleep-wake cycle and circadian rhythms.
Estrogen and Progesterone: These sex hormones play key roles in the female reproductive system, regulating menstrual cycles and pregnancy.
Testosterone: The primary male sex hormone, testosterone, influences male development, libido, and muscle mass.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH): Produced by the pituitary gland, ACTH stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol and other stress-related hormones.
Leptin: Produced by fat cells, leptin helps regulate appetite and body weight.
Oxytocin: Often called the "love hormone" or "bonding hormone," oxytocin is involved in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation.
40. Milk, Cheese, and eggs are the source of which of the following vitamins? ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) B and C
b) A and C
c) C and D
d) A and D
Answer. d) A and D
41. The immune protein which protects the cells from viral infection is ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Immunoglobulin
b) Interferon
c) Antigen
d) Thrombin
Answer. b) Interferon protein protects the cells from viral infection.
42. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below: ( UPPSC PYQ)
List-I List-II
A) Night blindness 1. Deficiency of iron
B) Beriberi 2. Deficiency of Vitamin D
C) Rickets 3. Deficiency of Vitamin B1
D) Anaemia 4. Deficiency of Vitamin A
Code:
A B C D
a) 1 2 3 4
b) 4 3 1 2
c) 4 3 2 1
d) 3 2 1 4
Answer. c) 4 3 2 1
43. Which one of the following is NOT correctly matched? ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Beriberi - Thiamine
b) Pellagra - Niacin
c) Scurvy - Ascorbic acid
d) Neural tube defect - Pyridoxin
Answer. d) Neural tube defect - Pyridoxin
44. Fat-soluble vitamins are - ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) A B C K
b) A C D B
c) A D E K
d) B D E K
Answer. c) A D E K
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble.
45. The earliest feature of Vitamin A deficiency is - ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Dryness of conjunctiva
b) Nyctalopia
c) Keratomalacia
d) Hyphema
Answer. a) Dryness of conjunctiva
46. Match the following with the correct answer by using the codes given below. ( UPPSC PYQ)
( Product) ( protein)
A. Egg- 1. Casein
B. Milk 2. Kerotin
C. Meet 3. Myosin
D. Wool 4. Albumen
Codes:
A B C D
a) 4 3 2 1
b) 3 2 4 1
c) 1 2 3 4
d) 4 1 3 2
Answer. d) 4 1 3 2
47. Which of the following food items is the best source of all essential amino acids?
a) Banana
b) Pulses
c) Egg
d) Fish
Answer. c) Egg
48. Which one of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched?
a) Acid present in vinegar - Acetic Acid
b) Compounds present in bones - Calcium phosphate
c) Souring of milk-Nitric acid
d) Acid present in gastric juices- Hydrochloric acid
Answer. c) Souring of milk-Nitric acid ( It is lactic acid)
49. Funk Invented ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Vitamins
b) Hormones
c) proteins
d) Enzymes
Answer. a) Vitamins
50. Which one of the following groups of compounds is called an accessory dietary factor? ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Fats
b) Hormones
c) Proteins
d) Vitamins
Answer. d) Vitamins
51. The tissues are formed in the body by
a) Fat
b) Carbohydrate
c) Protein
d) Vitamins
Answer. c) Protein
52. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List I List II
( Molecule) ( Present element)
A. Vitamin B12 1. Magnesium
B. Hemoglobin 2. Cobalt
C. Chlorophyll 3. Copper
D. Brass 4. Iron
Codes:
A B C D
a) 2 4 1 3
b) 2 1 3 4
c) 4 1 2 3
d) 3 4 2 1
Answer. a) 2 4 1 3
53. Which of the following is not correctly matched? ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Chlorophyll: Magnesium
b) Hemoglobin: Iron
c) Edible salt: Sodium
d) Laundry Soda: Potassium
Answer. d) Laundry Soda: Potassium
54. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List I List II
( Molecule) ( Present metal)
A. Vitamin B12 1. Magnesium
B. Hemoglobin 2. Cobalt
C. Chlorophyll 3. Copper
D. Chalcopyrite 4. Iron
Codes:
A B C D
a) 2 4 1 3
b) 2 1 3 4
c) 4 1 2 3
d) 3 4 2 1
Answer. a) 2 4 1 3
55. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List I List II
A. Vitamin B1 1. Cyanocobalamin
B. Vitamin B2 2. Calciferol
C. Vitamin B6 3. Riboflavin
D. Vitamin B12 4. Thymine
5. Pyridoxine
Codes:
A B C D
a) 2 3 5 4
b) 4 3 5 1
c) 1 2 3 4
d) 4 3 2 1
Answer. b) 4 3 5 1
56. Which is not a subtle element?
a) Iron
b) Zinc
c) Sulfure
d) Manganese
Answer. c) Sulfure
57. In which category of food is the most amount of calories per unit
a) Vitamins
b) Fats
c) Carbohydrates
d) Proteins
Answer. b) Fats
58. Apples have special value for heart patients because they are a rich source of
a) Sodium and Potassium
b) Phosphorus and Magnesium
c) Potassium and Phosphorus
d) Potassium only
Answer. d) Potassium only
59. Which of the following vitamins and deficiency diseases is not well matched?
a) Calcifer: Bone Disease
b) Niacin: Pellagra ( Skin gravy )
c) Cobalamin: Anemia
d) Riboflavin: Berry Berry
Answer. d) Riboflavin: Berry Berry
60. Among the following vegetables, the maximum vitamin C is found in
a) Chili
b) Pumpkin
c) Pea
d) Radish
Answer. a) Chili
61. The vitamin which is found in citrus fruits and is necessary for maintaining healthy skin is
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B
c) Vitamin C
d) Vitamin D
Answer. c) Vitamin C
62. The best source of vitamin C is
a) Apple
b) Mango
c) Gooseberry
d) Milk
Answer. c) Gooseberry
63. Which of the following vitamins is helpful for wound healing? ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B
c) Vitamin C
d) Vitamin D
Answer. c) Vitamin C
64. Which of the following vitamins does not get stored in the body? ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin C
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin E
Answer. b) Vitamin C
65. Which of the following vitamins is responsible for blood clotting?
a) Vitamin C
b) Vitamin K
c) Vitamin E
d) Vitamin D
Answer. b) Vitamin K
66. Which of the following vitamins is effective in blood clotting?
a) Vitamin K
b) Vitamin A
c) Vitamin B
d) Vitamin C
Answer. a) Vitamin K
67. Consider the following statements ( UPPSC PYQ)
Statement ( A): Vitamin B12 is stored in the liver for about 3 to 5 years
Statement ( R): Vitamin B12 is soluble in water
Code:
a) (A) and ( R) are correct and ( A) is the correct explanation (R)
b) (A) and ( R) are correct and ( A) is not the correct explanation (R)
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false
d) ( A) is false, but (R) is true
Answer. b) (A) and ( R) are correct and ( A) is not the correct explanation (R)
68. The source of vitamin D is
a) Lemon
b) Sun Rays
c) Orange
d) Cashew Nut
Answer. b) Sun Rays
69. Deficiency of which vitamin can cause night blindness?
a) B1
b) C
c) A
d) E
Answer. c) A
70. In the human body, vitamin A is stored in ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Liver
b) Skin
c) Lung
d) Kidney
Answer. a) Liver
71. Which one of the following contains more vitamin A content? ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Cabbage
b) Carrot
c) Cauliflower
d) Spinach
Answer. b) Carrot
72. A rich source of both protein and fat is
a) Coconut
b) Groundnut
c) Soyabean
d) Sunflower
Answer. b) Groundnut
73. The protein made of hair is called ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Globulin
b) Mucin
c) Keratin
d) Casein
Answer. c) Keratin
74. Which of the following proteins exist in human hair and fingernails? ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Oxytocin
b) Keratin
c) Vasopressin
d) Trypsin
Answer. b) Keratin;
Proteins are large biomolecules made up of amino acids and play essential roles in various biological processes. There are several types of proteins, each with specific functions and structures.
Here are some common types of proteins:
Enzymes: Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in the body. They are involved in processes such as digestion, metabolism, and DNA replication.
Structural Proteins: These proteins provide structural support to cells and tissues. Examples include collagen (found in skin, tendons, and bones) and keratin (found in hair and nails).
Transport Proteins: Transport proteins, like hemoglobin, carry molecules such as oxygen or ions through the bloodstream to various parts of the body.
Hormones: Hormonal proteins, like insulin, regulate physiological processes and act as messengers between cells and organs.
Antibodies: Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to recognize and neutralize foreign invaders like viruses and bacteria.
Contractile Proteins: These proteins, such as actin and myosin, enable muscle contractions and movement.
Storage Proteins: Storage proteins store essential molecules or ions. For instance, ferritin stores iron in the liver.
Chaperone Proteins: Chaperones assist in the folding of other proteins and help prevent misfolding or aggregation, ensuring proper protein function.
Receptor Proteins: Receptors on cell surfaces bind to specific molecules (ligands) and transmit signals into the cell, triggering various cellular responses.
Toxin Proteins: Some proteins produced by organisms like bacteria can act as toxins when introduced into the body, causing harm.
Adhesion Proteins: Adhesion proteins help cells stick together, maintaining tissue integrity and facilitating processes like wound healing.
Glycoproteins: These proteins have carbohydrate molecules attached to them and are involved in cell recognition and adhesion
75. Which one of the following statements about tyrosin, the amino acid present in protein-rich foods, is not correct? ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) This can help increase energy levels
b) It can withstand emotional and environmental pressures
c) It can combat depression
d) It can protect against free radicals responsible for aging
Answer. d) It can protect against free radicals responsible for aging
76. How many calories are consumed by drinking a glass of water?
a) Zero
b) 15
c) 25
d) 50
Answer. a) Zero
77. An essential constituent of diet is
a) Starch
b) Glucose
c) Carbohydrate
d) Cellulose
Answer. c) Carbohydrate
78. The element that maintains balance between acidity and Alkalinity in our body is
a) Phosphorus
b) Sodium
c) Potassium
d) Calcium
Answer. a) Phosphorus
79. Which one of the following compounds is not stored in the human body ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Glycogen
b) Amino Acids
c) Fat
d) Tocopherol
Answer. b) Amino Acids
80. Which of the following is a good source of Iron? ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Carrot
b) Peas
c) Rice
d) Spinach
Answer. d) Spinach
81. Which one of the following is not formed in our body?
a) Vitamin A
b) Protein
c) Enzyme
d) Hormone
Answer. a) Vitamin A
82.
Assertion ( A): If a person stops eating green vegetables, he will suffer from night blindness
Reason ( R): Vitamin A deficiency will occur in it.
Code:
a) (A) and ( R) are correct and ( A) is the correct explanation (R)
b) (A) and ( R) are correct and ( A) is not the correct explanation (R)
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false
d) ( A) is false, but (R) is true
Answer. a) (A) and ( R) are correct and ( A) is the correct explanation (R)
83. The vitamin that contains cobalt is ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) B1
b) B2
c) B6
d) B12
Answer. d) B12
84. Cyanocobalamin is ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Vitamin C
b) Vitamin B2
c) Vitamin B6
d) Vitamin B12
Answer. d) Vitamin B12
85. Thiamine
a) Vitamin C
b) Vitamin B2
c) Vitamin B6
d) Vitamin B1
Answer. d) Vitamin B1
86. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: ( UPPSC PYQ)
List I List II
A. Vitamin C 1. Night Blindness
B. Folic Acid 2. Berry Berry
C. Vitamin A 3. Anemia
D. Vitamin B1 4. Scurvy
Code:
A B C D
a) 4 3 1 2
b) 2 3 1 4
c) 4 3 2 1
d) 1 2 4 3
Answer. a) 4 3 1 2
87. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched? ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Vitamin A: Night Blindness
b) Vitamin B3: Pellagra
c) Vitamin D: Color Blindness
d) Folic Acid: Anemia
Answer. c) Vitamin D: Color Blindness
88. Which one of the following compounds is not a Vitamin? ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Niacin
b) Thyroxin
c) Riboflavin
d) Pyridoxine
Answer. b) Thyroxin
89. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched? ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Thiamine: Berry Berry
b) Vitamin D: Rickets
c) Vitamin K: Sterility
d) Niacin: Pellagra
Answer. c) Vitamin K: Sterility
90. The highest protein content is found in ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Pigeon pea
b) Soyabean
c) Horse Pea
d) Wheat
Answer. b) Soyabean
91. Which of the food grains is richest in protein?
a) Gram
b) Pea
c) Soyabean
d) Wheat
Answer. c) Soyabean
92. Which one of the following is an important source of Vitamin E? ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Palm Oil
b) Coconut Oil
c) Wheat germ oil
d) Mustard Oil
Answer. c) Wheat germ oil
93. Which of the following vitamins is essential for normal vision? ( UPPSC PYQ 2021)
a) Folic acid
b) Riboflavin
c) Niacin
d) Retinol
Answer. d) Retinol ( Vitamin A)
Vitamin A: Retinol: Night Blindness
Vitamin D: Calciferol: Rickets
Vitamin E: Tocopherol: Infertility; It is also known as beauty vitamin.
Vitamin K: Phylloquinone: Blood clotting
Vitamin C: Ascorbic Acid: Scurvy
Vitamin B1: Thiamin : Beri Beri
Vitamin B2: Riboflavin :
Vitamin B3:Niacin: Pellagra
Vitamin B5: Pantothenic acid
Vitamin B6: Pyridoxine: Anemia
Vitamin B7: Biotin
Vitamin B9: Folic acid: Megaloblastic Anemia
Vitamin B12: Cobalamin: Megaloblastic Anemia
94.
94.
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