Question.
Examine recent trends of international migration. (UPPSC, 2020, 15 marks)
Answer.
International migration means the change of residence of people from one country to another, either temporarily or permanently. Migration has been in search of better economic opportunities since the beginning of human civilization.
According to the Global World Migration Report 2020, 3.6% of the global population migrated in 2019 which is 0.2% more than the international migration in 2017.
The root cause of international migration is poverty and armed conflict.
Following are the recent trends of international migration:
- In 2017, the USA was the largest recipient of immigration followed by Saudi Arabia, Germany, Russia, and the UK.
- In 2017, the largest source of migration is India followed by Mexico, Russia, and China.
- Asia and Europe are the top regions of sources and destinations of international migration.
- 48% of international expatriates are female.
- 70% of international migrants are workers.
- 10% of international migrants are refugees persecuted by armed conflict or civil war.
- The trend of student migration is from developing countries to developed countries.
- India and the US have the largest number of illegal immigrants.
- According to the World Migration Report, there were 3.3 million migrations to South Asia in 2018 due to sudden climatic threats.
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