Question.
Give your suggestions for the upliftment of tribes in India. ( UPPSC, 2020, 15 Marks)
Answer.
Tribes are the oldest inhabitants of India. As of 2011, the tribal population constitutes 8.6% (104 million) of India's total population.
Following are the suggestions for the upliftment of tribes in India:
Tribal Economy:
Tribes in India are largely dependent on forestry and agriculture-based economy for their livelihood.
We should pay attention to:
- Availability of irrigation on tribal land
- Ensure availability of quality seeds, fertilizers, pesticides
- To impart skill training to the tribes on agriculture and forestry.
- Enabling market access of tribal products.
- To develop strong infrastructure like roads, highways, bridges, etc. in the tribal areas.
Education Facilities:
Tribes in India are largely illiterate and have a low literacy rate. In today's world, education provides a new way of utilizing available resources and illiteracy is a major obstacle to socio-economic development.
We should pay attention to:
- To provide quality education with hostel facilities in tribal areas.
- We have to strengthen Eklavya schools and Adarsh resident schools.
Health and Sanitation Facilities:
Maternal and infant mortality rates are high in tribal areas.
We should pay attention to:
- To provide maternity hospital for safe delivery of newborn babies and infant hospital for child care to all tribals.
- We should start at least one medical hospital in each tribal district.
- Safe water and sanitation services should be available to all tribal populations.
Food and Nutrition Security:
- According to the National Family Health Survey of India, malnutrition is higher among tribal children and women as compared to other social groups.
- We should strengthen the PDS system for access to a balanced diet in tribal areas.
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