Question:
Describe the concept of "Altiplanation". ( UPSC 2021, 10 Marks, 150 words)
Answer.
First of all, we need to know the peri-glacial region.
What is a periglacial region?
The periglacial zone occurs very close to glaciers (glaciers). Although snow does not always accumulate here, in this region the snow sometimes melts and sometimes freezes. This area comes under the influence of glaciers, that is, the eroded material brought by the glaciers is deposited in this area.
Periglacial regions are mostly found at high altitudes and high latitudes.
Concept of Altiplanation:
Altiplanation is a process of land leveling (planation) that occurs in high-altitude peri-glacial regions.
Under the Altiplanation process:
- Glaciers bring moraines (debris or eroded material) with them and deposit them either in depressions (troughs) of periglacial regions or deposit on slopes of periglacial regions to form elevated leveling[ also called altiplanation terraces] terraces.
- In periglacial regions, leveling of land also occurs through the process of erosion.
Altiplanation is also known as equi-planation and cryo-planation. The word Altiplanation was first used by Eakin in 1916 for explaining the leveling process under periglacial climates in periglacial regions.
The same concept was explained by Cairnes in 1912, but he used the equi-planation term.
The same concept was again used by Bryan in 1946, he used the cryo-planation word.
Mostly geographers or other Scholer use the cryo-planation terms to explain the leveling process of land in periglacial regions.
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