Question.
Prepare a qualitative symbol map of India showing the distribution of different linguistic groups in the country
(NCERT class 12 geography, India People and Economy, Chapter 1- Population: Distribution, Density, Growth, and Composition)
Answer.
India is a country with many spoken languages. Our states are also mainly divided on the basis of language. In India, there are 22 scheduled languages and hundreds of other languages. However, modern Indian languages are classified into four major linguistic groups or language families:
- Indo-European or Aryan language family (73%)
- Dravidian or Dravidian language family (20%)
- Austric (Nishada) language family (1.38%)
- Sino-Tibetan (Kirata) language family (0.38%)
Below is the map of India showing the distribution of different linguistic groups in the country:
Indo-European or Aryan language families (73%):
- About 73% of India's population speaks an Indo-European language. The Indo-European language-speaking regions are Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Orissa, West Bengal, Assam, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Goa.
Dravidian or Dravidian language family (20%):
- The Dravidian language family speaks about 20% of the Indian population. The Dravidian-speaking areas are Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and some parts of central India.
Austric (Nishad) Language Family (1.38%):
- About 1.38% of the Indian population speaks the Austric language. The speakers of the Austric language are spread over the states of Meghalaya, Nicobar Islands, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Orissa, Assam, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra.
Sino-Tibetan (Kirat) Language Family (0.38%):
- About 0.38% of the Indian population speaks the Sino-Tibetan language family. Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand are part of the Sino-Tibetan (Kerata) language family, and the entire northeastern states except the Assam language.
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