Very hot and dry and very cold and wet regions of India have a low population density. In this light, explain the role of climate on the distribution of population.

 Question. 

Very hot and dry and very cold and wet regions of India have a low population density. In this light, explain the role of climate on the distribution of population.  

(NCERT class 12 geography, India People and Economy, Chapter 1-  Population: Distribution, Density, Growth, and Composition)

Answer.

There is a close relationship between population distribution and physical, socio-economic, and historical factors. Among physical factors, climate as well as relief, soil, and water availability largely determine the pattern of population distribution. Climatic factors—precipitation and temperature, both directly and indirectly affect the distribution of population.

The density of population is low in the extremely hot and dry and extremely cold and wet regions of India and the following are the roles of climate in the distribution of low population -

• The population density is low in the very hot and dry regions of India such as the western part of Rajasthan and the rain shadow region of the Western Ghats. The high temperature and low rainfall make this area unsuitable for a high population settlement because the region lacks water for drinking and irrigation, and people are less likely to live in such a hot climate.
• The arid and very cold regions of India such as Ladakh, Arunachal Pradesh, and the northern part of the Himalayan region are also less populated because of the extremely cold climate in this region. In such a cold climate, grain production cannot be done, as well as there is a shortage of water here.
• The wet regions of India such as Cherrapunji, Western Ghats, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and Sundarbans delta are wet regions and due to this very dense forests are found here, and therefore are not very useful for agriculture and economic development. Excessive rainfall also hinders economic development, hence low population density is found here.

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