Question.
Define Human Development.
(NCERT class 12 geography, India People and Economy, Chapter-3: Human Development)
Answer.
Human development is the process of increasing people's choices, expanding human capabilities, meeting basic needs and increasing human freedom.
Human development is a qualitative tool to measure the socio-economic development of the people.
Human development can be done through the following processes:
- Increase in educational opportunities.
- To provide health facilities for a long and healthy life.
- Sufficient income for a decent standard of living.
- Political freedom, guaranteed human rights, and individual self-respect.
- A healthy environment ranges from the physical environment to the economic, social, and political one.
Human development is measured by the Human Development Index. The Human Development Index was first published by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in 1990 and has since published annual reports that rank countries based on the HDI.
According to the HDI of 2021, India ranks 131 out of 189 countries and has HDI values of 0.645.
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