Question 4.
Why is agricultural productivity low in dry regions?
(NCERT class 12 geography, India People and Economy, Chapter-5. Land Resources and Agriculture)
Answer.
Most of the problems of Indian agriculture are region specific.
For example,
Agriculture productivity is low in dry regions like Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Deccan plateau, and the rain shadow region of Western Ghats. The reasons for low crop productivity in dry regions are as follows:
- The lack of availability of water in arid regions is the main reason for low agricultural productivity. In the arid region, rainfall is highly unreliable, and flash floods (due to intense rainfall over a short period of time) and drought are twin troubles in the dry region. In this region, the poor performance of the southwest monsoon adversely affects the availability of water for irrigation.
- Due to the lack of sufficient water in the arid region, mostly coarse cereals (Jawar, Bajra, Ragi, Maize), pulses (gram, tur), and oilseeds (groundnut, mustard, sesame) are grown with very low productivity.
- Agricultural productivity is low in arid regions due to lack of sufficient soil moisture, poor management of soil moisture, and growing low productivity crops such as coarse cereals, pulses, oilseeds, etc.
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