Question.
What are the socio-demographic consequences of migration?
(NCERT class 12 geography, India People and Economy, Chapter-2: Migration: Types, Causes, and Consequences.)
Answer.
Migration is often due to unequal distribution of opportunity. People usually migrate from a place of lesser opportunity to a place of better opportunity. Migration creates both benefits and problems for both the source and destination regions. The consequences of migration can be classified into the following types:
- Economic Consequence
- Demographic consequences
- Social consequences
- Environmental consequences
Socio-demographic Consequences of Migration:
Following are the possible socio-demographic consequences of migration:
- Positive consequences
- Negative consequences
Positive Socio-demographic Consequences of Migration:
- Migration redistributes population as people move from more populated areas (low economic opportunities) to less populated areas (high economic opportunities).
- Rural-urban migration is a major contributor to the development of the urban center which helps in the development of the urban society.
- Migration acts as an agent of social change, it brings new ideas, new technology, girl child education, etc. to the rural areas.
- Migration is the mingling of people from different cultures, which leads to the development of a mixed culture.
Negative Socio-demographic Consequences of Migration:
- Selective migration of younger and skilled populations from rural areas adversely affects the rural demographic structure. For example, highly selective youth and male migration from Madhya Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Rajasthan, Bihar, and Uttar Pradesh has led to serious imbalances in the age and gender structure of these states.
- Selective migration causes a severe sex imbalance in both the source and destination regions. For example, the increasing male population in urban centers has negatively affected the social order.
- Anonymity migration of individuals has led to a lack of trust in society. For example, people do not give houses for rent to strangers quickly.
- Overcrowding in the urban center increases crime and anti-social activities like drug abuse.
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