Question.
What are the three components of population change?
(Class 12 geography, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter-2. The World Population Distribution, Density, and Growth )
Answer.
Population change has three components- birth, death, and migration.
Population change = birth - death + (immigration - emigration)
Birth Component of the population change:
The population of the area increases by birth. Birth is measured by the crude birth rate (CBR). The crude birth rate is expressed as the number of live births per thousand population in a year.
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)=(children born alive during the year)*(1000)/population of the area in the middle of the year.
According to the 2011 census, the crude birth rate of India is 21.8.
Death Component of Population:
Deaths reduce the population of areas. Deaths are measured by the crude death rate (CDR). The crude death rate is expressed as the number of deaths per thousand population in a year.
Crude death rate (CDR) = (number of deaths during the year) * (1000) / estimated mid-year population of the area.
Mortality also reflects the level of socio-economic development in the regions. A low death rate reflects a high level of economic development.
According to the 2011 census, the crude death rate of India is 7.2 which was 25 in 1951.
Migration Component of Population:
Migration is the third component of population change. Population decreases in the source area of migration and increases in the destination area of migration.
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