Question.
How are countries classified on the basis of the human development index?
(Class 12 geography, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter - 4. Human Development )
Answer.
On the basis of the level of human development, the countries of the world are divided into four categories. The level of human development of countries is measured using the Human Development Index (HDI) which has been published by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) since 1990.
The Human Development Index ranks countries based on their performance in three key areas – education (1/3 weightage), health (1/3 weightage), and access to resources (1/3 weightage). The ranking is based on a score of 0 to 1; Zero means the lowest level of human development and one means the highest level of human development.
Countries are classified into four categories based on the HDI score of 0 to 1:
- high level of human development
- high level of human development
- medium level of human development
- low level of human development
High level of human development:
According to the UNDP's HDI rank of 2020, there are 66 countries in the world that fall under the high level of human development category. This category includes countries whose HDI score is above 0.8.
Switzerland, Norway, and Ireland are the top three countries based on the level of human development(based on the 2022 UNDP's HDI rank).
High level of human development:
According to the UNDP's 2020 HDI rank, there are 53 countries in the world that fall under the high level of human development category. Countries in this category have an HDI score between 0.7 and 0.799.
Medium level of human development:
According to the UNDP's 2020 HDI rank, there are 37 countries in the world that fall under the medium level of human development category. Countries in this category have an HDI score between 0.550 and 0.699.
According to the 2022 UNDP HDI report, India's rank is 132 and India's HDI value is 0.633.
Low level of human development:
According to the UNDP's 2020 HDI rank, there are 33 countries in the world that fall under the low level of human development category. In this category come the countries whose HDI score is below 0.549.
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