Question.
How is the sex ratio measured?
(Class 12 geography, Fundamentals of Human Geography, Chapter 3. Population Composition )
Answer.
The ratio between the number of females and males in the population is called the sex ratio. The sex ratio is measured in two ways:
In some countries like Germany and Japan, the sex ratio is calculated by the formula:
Sex ratio=(Male Population)*1000/Female Population= number of males per thousand females.
But in India, the sex ratio is calculated by the following formula:
Sex ratio=(Female Population)*1000/(Male Population)=number of females per thousand males.
As per the 2011 census, the sex ratio of India is 843 which means there are 843 females per thousand males.
Important facts regarding sex ratio:
The sex ratio is an important indicator of the status of the socio-economic development of the region.
The sex ratio is unfavorable for females where there is high gender discrimination in terms of female foeticide, female infanticide, and domestic violence.
Most Asian countries like India and China have an unfavorable sex ratio for females whereas most European countries have a favorable sex ratio for females.
The level of socioeconomic development is linked with the sex ratio. In general, the region which has low socio-economic development has an unfavorable sex ratio for females.
As per estimates, the sex ratio is favorable for females in 139 countries of the world and unfavorable for 72 countries in the world.
On average, the sex ratio of the world population is 102 males per 100 females.
Latvia ( a country in Europe) has the highest sex ratio in the world, it is 100 females per 85 males.
Qatar( a country in West Asia) has the lowest sex ratio in the world, it is 311 males per 100 females.
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