Question.
What are the important geomorphological features found in the river valley plains?
(Chapter-2 Structure and Physiography, Class 11 NCERT geography "India Physical Environment")
Answer.
River valley plains are formed by rivers. Examples of river valley plains are the Ganga valley plains, Brahmaputra valley plains, Narmada valley plains, Mahanadi valley plains, Jhelum valley plains, etc.
The following are examples of important geomorphological features found in river valley plains:
- Bhabar
- Terai
- Khadar
- Bhangar
- Oxbow Lake
- River meanders
- River Island
- Delta
The Ganges and the Brahmaputra plains have three important geomorphological features - the Bhabar, the Terai, and the alluvial plains.
The alluvial plains are further classified into two types Khadar and Bhangar.
The Bhabar plain [8 to 10 km wide] is a narrow belt of fields that lies just south of the Shivalik range. It has huge boulders.
To the south of Bhabar, there is a swampy and marshy plain, which is called the Terai region.
Khadar is made up of new alluvial deposits which flood every year and it is adjacent to the river.
The Bhangar is formed from old alluvial deposits and occurs away from the river channel, where floods often reach.
Some of the important geomorphological features of the alluvial plains are connected by rivers like River meandering, River Island, Oxbow Lake, etc.
The Brahmaputra plain is known for the river islands.
Dal Lake of Kashmir Valley is famous for Goxbow Lake.
Meandering of the river; Riverside landscapes have features associated with the mature stage. The river flows in the form of a winding (Visarpa) in most of the plains of the valley.
The delta is also an important feature of the river valley plains near the mouth of the river. The Sundarbans Delta is formed by the Ganges and the Brahmaputra.
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