Question.
If you work out the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India, they are roughly about 30 degrees, whereas the actual distance measured from north to south extremity is 3,214 km, and that from east to west is only 2,933 km. What is the reason for this difference?
(Chapter-1 India — Location, Class 11 NCERT geography "India Physical Environment")
Answer.
As we know that the distance between two longitudes decreases as we move from the equator to the poles, which means that the distance between two longitudes is greatest at the equator and shortest at the poles. However, the distance between two latitudes remains the same everywhere on Earth.
India is located in the Northern Hemisphere and being away from the equator (India's position is between -6°45'N to 37°6'N) the distance between the two longitudes is less than the distance between the two latitudes. This is why, despite India's latitudinal and longitudinal extent of about 30 degrees, the actual distance from north to south end (3,214 km) is greater than that of east to west (2,933 km).
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