Geographical region means the region where there is uniformity in physical features. Physical characteristics include rock types, landforms, landscapes, river systems, geological history, and soil types.
Bihar has three geographical regions on the basis of physical homogeneity;
- Shivalik ranges and Terai region
- Ganga plain (Bihar plain)
- southern plateau
.jpg "Physiographic regions of Bihar")
Shivalik ranges and Terai region;
The Shivalik ranges and the Terai region are the smallest geographical regions of Bihar which are found in the north-western part of Bihar.
It is found in the northern part of western Chaparana districts which is about 32 km long and 6 to 8 km wide.
The Shivalik range of Bihar is an extension of the southernmost part of the Himalayas. It is a hilly area.
The Terai region (swampy land) which lies between the Shivalik range and the plains of Bihar is found in the north-western part of Bihar. Ramnagar Doon, Someshwar ranges, and Harsh valley are part of this geographical region.
The Shivalik ranges and the Terai region are the sparsely populated areas of Bihar.
The Shivalik ranges and the Terai region are formed by tertiary rocks.
Ganga Plain geographical area of Bihar;
The geographical area of the Bihar plain is the largest of the three. It extends from Nepal in the north to the Chotanagpur plateau in the south. It is a plain area and has fertile alluvial soils deposited by the Ganges and its tributaries.
The plain area of the whole of Bihar is about 150 meters in height (above sea level).
The plain geographical area of Bihar has also been classified into two parts-
- Northern Plains of Bihar
- Southern Plains of Bihar
The northern plain of Bihar lies between Nepal and the Ganges River. It is formed by the northern tributaries of the Ganges namely Ghaghara, Gandak, Koshi, etc. This area is flood affected and every year new alluvial soil is deposited in this area by rivers.
The southern plain of Bihar lies between the Ganges River and the southern plateau and hills. It is narrower than the plains of northern Bihar.
Both the northern and southern plains are made up of Quaternary rock.
Southern Plateau Region:
The southern plateau lies between the southern plains of Bihar and the Chotanagpur plateau of Jharkhand.
The southern part of Kaimur, Rohtas, Aurangabad, Gaya, Nawada, Jamui, and Banka are part of this geographical region.
Two types of rock systems are found in the southern plateau region - the Vindhya rock system and the Dharwar rock system.
The Vindhya rock system is found in the western part of the southern plateau region (in the Kaimur and Rohtas districts).
The Dharwad rock system is found in the southern part of Aurangabad, Gaya, Nawada, Jamui, and Banka districts.
Try to solve the following questions:
- Divide Bihar into major physiographic regions and describe any one region in detail.
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