Question.
What are the positive and negative effects of flooding?
(Chapter-3 Drainage System, Class 11 NCERT geography "India Physical Environment")
Answer.
Flooding of large areas by a river is called a flood.
Although floods are a disaster, floods have both positive and negative effects.
The following are the positive effects of floods:
Floods make the plains soils more fertile by bringing mineral-rich sediments from the hilly areas which are useful for crops. For example, floods make the plains of Bihar fertile every year. Bihar floods make the land fertile for Rabi crops like vegetables, wheat, etc.
The flood-affected areas are suitable for intensive farming which supports dense populations.
Floods bring small fish and other animals such as crabs to the area. Due to this, the local people benefitted.
Floods work to recharge groundwater
Negative effects of floods;
The following are the negative effects of floods;
Flood-affected areas get waterlogged which damages the infrastructure like roads, railways, bridges, etc in the area.
The flood damages the kutcha houses in the area and badly affects the poor people.
This causes huge economic losses as well as the loss of humans and livestock.
Floods bring various types of waterborne diseases like jaundice, malaria, typhoid, etc.
Floods cause heavy damage to crops. For example, in Bihar flood-affected areas, damages Kharif crops.
Industries are not attracted to flood-affected areas, so industrialization and urbanization are not very possible in flood-affected areas which makes this area economically backward.
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