Question.
Describe how communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in India?
( Chapter - 2-Forest and Wildlife Resources, Cass X NCERT Contemporary India -II )
Answer.
Forests are home to many traditional communities, especially tribal communities, and most of their needs come from forests and fauna. Therefore local communities have in the past made and are making many efforts for wildlife conservation and protection.
The following are the ways communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in India:
To protect the Sariska Tiger Reserve of Rajasthan, the rural community there fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act 1972. Sariska Tiger Reserve was protected by stopping mining.
In Rajasthan itself, communities in five villages in the Alwar district had declared 1,200 hectares of forest as Bhairodev Dakava 'Sonchuri', and announced their own rules and regulations for its protection and conservation that prohibit any people from hunting.
The famous Chipko movement was started in the Himalayas (Uttarakhand) in 1973 and was run by the women's community there. This movement has not only successfully opposed deforestation in many areas, but also carried out community afforestation and trees with indigenous species planted.
The Save Seed Movement in Tehri, Uttarakhand in the 1980s was launched by farmers and civic communities there that opposed the use of synthetic chemicals and supported the rescue of traditional seeds.
Many communities have preserved the forest and trees by worshiping nature. For example, the Mundas and Santhals of Chota Nagpur worship and preserve Mahua trees. Many communities in India worship Peepal, Banyan, and Mango trees; and protect them from harm.
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