Question.
Describe the impact of globalization on Indian agriculture.
( Chapter - 4 Agriculture, Cass X NCERT Contemporary India -II )
Answer.
Globalization refers to the integration and interdependence of economies and places around the world.
Globalization is not a new phenomenon in India, it was there even at the time of colonization but its effect was less at that time.
During the British period, India was a major exporter of cotton, spices, and other food grains to the world. The cotton textile industries of Manchester and Liverpool flourished due to the availability of good quality cotton from India.
After liberalization, privatization, and globalization (LPG reforms and globalization), the Indian economy was opened up to the global market along with the agricultural sector. Since 1992, Indian farmers have faced new challenges and opportunities due to the impact of globalization on Indian agriculture.
The following are the effects of globalization on Indian agriculture:
Despite being an important producer of rice, cotton, rubber, tea, coffee, jute, and spices, India's agricultural products are not able to compete with the price of developed countries because of the highly subsided agriculture in developed countries like USA and Canada. Cheap agricultural products from developed countries have started coming into the market in India, due to which Indian farmers started facing huge losses.
Indian farmers, on one hand, are not able to face the price competition from the international market and on the other hand, the cost of cultivation increases as they have to buy costlier seeds, fertilizers, and other inputs every year. Land degradation and groundwater depletion in India has further increased the cost of cultivation.
Some new agricultural techniques like drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, and hybrid seeds from other parts of the world have helped in increasing agricultural productivity.
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