Question.
Enlist the various institutional reform programs introduced by the government in the interest of farmers.
( Chapter - 4 Agriculture, Cass X NCERT Contemporary India -II )
Answer.
The agriculture sector provides a livelihood for more than 60 percent of India's population, so agriculture is the largest sector in terms of employment.
With the passage of time, many problems are increasing in the agriculture sector such as a reduction in the size of cultivation, a decline in soil fertility, an increase in agricultural inputs, and uncertainty in monsoon rainfall.
After independence, the Government of India made several efforts to make life easier for the farmers. Following are the various institutional reform programs launched by the government in the interest of farmers;
Land reforms were the main focus of our First Five Year Plan (1951-56).
The government also abolished the British-era zamindari system and limits on land holdings were also introduced.
The right of inheritance of land leads to fragmentation of land which leads to a reduction in the size of holdings. Therefore, the consolidation of land holdings was started by the government. Consolidation of land is done through the purchase or exchange of land.
The government started various programs like the Green Revolution and the White Revolution in the 1960s and 1970s.
During the 1980s and 1990s, a comprehensive land development program was launched which included both institutional and technological reforms.
The government provides subsidies on fertilizers in the interest of the farmers.
The government established institutions like rural banks and cooperatives to provide credit facilities in the interest of farmers.
Kisan Credit Card (KCC) and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) are some other schemes launched by the government in the interest of farmers.
The provision of crop insurance like PM Fasal Yojana was started against drought, flood, cyclone, fire, disease, etc.
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