Question.
Give reasons as to why the seasonal reversal of wind direction takes place over the Indian subcontinent?
( Chapter - 4 Climate, Cass 9 NCERT Contemporary India -I )
Answer.
Seasonal change of wind direction occurs not only in the Indian subcontinent but also in the geographical regions located in both the hemispheres between 20-degree north and south latitudes. Due to India's unique location, the Indian subcontinent has the widest seasonal reversal in wind direction.
The main reason for the seasonal reversal in the wind direction [monsoon winds] in the Indian subcontinent is the apparent movement of the Sun between the Tropic of Cancer (23.5°N) and the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5°S).
In summer, when the rays of the midday sun are overhead the center of India (Tropic of Cancer), the Indian landmass becomes hot, and low atmospheric pressure is formed in the north and north-western part of India. Hence air from the sea [from high atmospheric pressure] moves towards the Indian subcontinent [towards low atmospheric pressure].
In winter, just the opposite, when the sun moves south and the rays of the midday sun do not overhead over the Indian subcontinent, then there is high atmospheric pressure over the Indian subcontinent and low atmospheric pressure over the Indian Ocean, as a result of which the air from the Indian subcontinent moves to the sea. moves towards
So we can say, due to the apparent movement of the Sun between the Tropic of Cancer (23.5 degree north latitude) and the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5 degree south latitude) and the uneven heating and cooling of the Indian subcontinent and the Indian Ocean, there is the seasonal reversal in the wind direction in the Indian subcontinent.
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