Question.
What could be the reasons for sex ratio variations in India?
( Chapter - 6 Population, Cass 9 NCERT Contemporary India -I )
Answer.
The sex ratio in India is measured by the number of females per thousand males. As per the 2011 census, the sex ratio of India is 943 which means there are 943 females per 1000 males.
The sex ratio is a very important social indicator as it measures the equality between females and males in society. India's sex ratio is always unfavorable to females due to the wide inequality that exists between males and females.
The sex ratio within India is not equally distributed and there is variation in the sex ratio in India because of the following reasons:
- Variation in the socioeconomic status of women
- Variation in literacy rate
- Variations in Health facilities
- Sex-selective abortion and preference of sons
- Female infanticide
Discrimination against women along with the low literacy rate in society, and poor health facilities increase the female mortality rate and make it unfavorable to the female population which causes a low female ratio in society. For example, States and Union territories like Punjab, Haryana( 877), and Delhi ( 866) have low sex ratio as high discrimination against female exist in society. Some state like Kerala ( 1084) and Puducherry (1038) has favorable sex ratio as there is a high literacy rate and good health facilities in the state and union territories.
Sex-selective abortion, preference for sons, and Female infanticide are higher in some regions of India. That is why there is variation in the sex ratio.
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