Section-1 ( Principles of Geography)
Part-A. Physical Geography:
Geomorphology:
Origin and evolution of the earth’s crust: earth’s movements and plate tectonics;
Volcanism;
The cycle of erosion - Davis, and Penck;
fluvial, glacial, arid, and karst landforms;
Rejuvenated and polycyclic landforms.
Climatology :
The atmosphere, its structure, and composition;
air masses and fronts;
cyclones and related phenomena;
climatic classification; Koeppen and Thornthwait;
groundwater and hydrological cycle.
Soils and vegetation :
Soil genesis, classification, and distribution:
ecological aspects of savanna and monsoon forest biomes.
Oceanography:
Ocean bottom relief, Relief of Indian Ocean floor.
Salinity.
Currents and tides;
Ocean deposits and coral reefs.
Ecosystem :
Ecosystem concept,
Man’s impact on the ecosystem,
Global ecological imbalances.
Part-B. Human and Economic Geography.
Development of Geographical Thought:
Contributions of European and British Geographers,
determinism and possibilism;
Dualism in Geography,
quantitative and behavioral revolutions in geography.
Human Geography:
The emergence of man and races of mankind cultural evolution of man;
major cultural realms of the world;
international migrations, past and present;
world population distribution and growth;
demographic transition and world population.
Settlements Geography:
Concepts of rural and urban settlements, Organs of Urbançation; Rural settlement patterns;
city classifications;
urban spheres of influence and the rural-urban fringe, the internal structure of cities;
problems of urban growth in the world.
Political Geography:
Concepts of nation and state; frontiers, boundaries, and buffer zones;
the concept of heartland and rimland;
federalism.
Economic Geography:
World economic development-measurement and problems;
the concept of resources, world resources, their distribution, and global problems;
world energy crisis; and limits to growth;
world agriculture-typology and world agricultural regions;
theory of agricultural location, world industry-theory of
location of industries;
world industrial patterns and problems;
world trade and world trade patterns.
Section -2 GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA and BIHAR
Section-A: GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA
Physical Aspects:
Geological history, Physiography, and drainage systems;
origin and mechanism of the Indian monsoon.
soils and vegetation.
Human Aspects:
Tribal areas and their problems; population distribution, density, and growth;
population problems and policies.
Resources:
Conservation and utilçation of land mineral water biotic and marine resources;
ecological problems and their management.
Agriculture:
Irrigation intensity of cropping, crop combinations, green revolution, agricultural land use policy.
Rural economy:
Animal husbandry, social forestry, and household industry.
Industry:
History of industrial development;
factors of location study of mineral-based, agro-based, and forest-based industries,
industrial complex, and industrial regionalization.
Transport and Trade:
Study of the network of roadways railways, and waterways.
Intra and inter-regional trade and the role of rural market centers.
Settlements:
Rural Settlement patterns;
Urban development in Indian and its problems, the internal structure of Indian cities;
town planning, slums, and urban housing; national urbanization policy.
Regional Development and planning:
Five-year plan; multilevel planning; state, district, and block-level planning.
regional disparities in development in India.
Political Aspects:
The political problem of India, state reorgançation; the international boundary of India, and related issues;
India and geopolitics of the Indian Ocean area.
Section-B; GEOGRAPHY OF BIHAR
Physiographic divisions, Soils, Forests, Climate, Pattern of agriculture.
The problem of drought-prone and flood-affected regions and their solutions,
Chief minerals resources: iron ores, copper, bauxite, mica, and coal,
Principal industries: iron and steel, aluminum, cement, sugar,
Principal industrial regions,
Problems of the population in Bihar,
The problem of the tribal population and their solution,
The pattern of urbanization in Bihar,
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